TEST BANK FOR FOUNDATIONS OF MENTAL HEALTH CARE 6TH EDITION BY MORRISON VALFRE

,Chapter 01: The History of Mental Health Care
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss



Morrison-Valfre: Foundations of Mental Health Care, 6th Edition ss ss ss ss ss ss ss




MULTIPLE CHOICE ss




1. The belief of the ancient Greek philosopher Plato that the rational soul controlled the
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss



irrational soul could be compared with the belief of the more recent psychological theorist:
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss



a. Freud
b. Pinel
c. Fisher
d. Rush
ANS: A ss



Sigmund Freud believed that mental illness was, in part, caused by forces both within and
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss



outside the personality. Philippe Pinel advocated acceptance of mentally ill individuals as
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss



human beings in need of medical assistance. Alice Fisher was a Florence Nightingale nurse
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss



who cared for the mentally ill, and Dr. Benjamin Rush was the author of the book Diseases of
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss



the Mind.
ss ss




PTS: s s 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: p. 4 ss ss ss ss



OBJ:
ss s s 2 TOP: Early Years of Mental Health s s ss ss ss ss



KEY: s s Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity
ss ss ss s s ss ss ss




2. During the mid-1500s, behaviors associated with mental illness were more accurately
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss



recorded by professionals. This practice led to
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss for different abnormal
ss ss



behaviors.
ss



a. Classifications
b. Diagnosing
c. Treatment
d. Education
ANS: A ss



Classification of abnormal behaviors did not begin until this time, after the practice of more
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss



accurate recording of behaviors was begun. Diagnoses, treatment guidelines, and any
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss



education regarding mental health disorders were not available during this period.
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss




PTS: s s 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: p. 5 ss ss ss ss



OBJ:
ss s s 3 TOP: Mental Illness During the Renaissance s s ss ss ss ss



KEY: s s Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity
ss ss ss s s ss ss ss




3. During the latter part of the eighteenth century, psychiatry became a separate branch of
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss



ss medicine, and inhumane treatment was greatly diminished by the French hospital director:
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss



a. Dix
b. Beers
c. Pinel
d. Carter
ANS: C ss

, Philippe Pinel advocated acceptance of the mentally ill, as well as proper treatment. Dorothea
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss



Dix crusaded for construction of mental health hospitals. Clifford Beers wrote the book A
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss



Mind That Found Itself. President Jimmy Carter established the President’s Commission on
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss



Mental Health in 1978.
ss ss ss ss




PTS: s s 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: p. 5 ss ss ss ss



OBJ:
ss s s 4 TOP: Mental Illness in the Eighteenth Century s s ss ss ss ss ss



KEY: s s Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity
ss ss ss s s ss ss ss




4. In 1841,
ss surveyed asylums, jails, and almshouses throughout the United ss ss ss ss ss ss ss



States, Canada, and Scotland and is credited with bringing about public awareness and reform
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss



for the care of the mentally ill.
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss



a. Sigmund Freud ss



b. John Cade ss



c. Florence Nightingale ss



d. Dorothea Dix ss




ANS: D ss



Dorothea Dix spent 20 years surveying facilities that housed mentally ill individuals and is
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss



credited with major changes in the care of the mentally ill. Sigmund Freud introduced the
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss



concept of psychoanalysis, John Cade discovered lithium carbonate for the treatment of
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss



bipolar disorder, and Florence Nightingale trained nurses in England in the 1800s.
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss




PTS: s s 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: p. 6 ss ss ss ss



OBJ:
ss s s 4 TOP: Mental Illness in the Nineteenth Century s s ss ss ss ss ss



KEY: s s Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity
ss ss ss s s ss ss ss




5. As a direct result of CliffordN
B e eRr s ’ I
worG
k a nBd .b oCo k ,MA Mind That Found Itself, the Committee
ss ss


for Mental Hygiene was formed
ss ss
USinN1909
T with a focus on prevention of mental illness and:
ss


ss
ss ss


ss
s


ss
ss
ss
ss
s
ss
ss
ss


ss ss ss ss ss
ss ss ss


ss ss
ss


ss
ss ss


ss



a. Early detection of symptoms of mental illness ss ss ss ss ss ss



b. Education of caregivers ss ss



c. Current treatment options ss ss



d. Removing the stigma attached to mental illness ss ss ss ss ss ss




ANS: D ss



Clifford Beers’ book reflected on his attempt at suicide followed by the deplorable care he
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss



received for the next 3 years in mental hospitals. Beers’ work and book raised the
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss



consciousness of people throughout the country regarding prevention and removal of the
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss



stigma of having a mental illness. Early detection of symptoms, education of caregivers, and
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss



current treatment options regarding mental illness were not the focus of his book, nor were
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss



they a priority for the Committee for Mental Hygiene.
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss




PTS: s s 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: p. 6 ss ss ss ss



OBJ:
ss s s 4 TOP: Mental Illness in the Twentieth Century s s ss ss ss ss ss



KEY: s s Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity
ss ss ss s s ss ss ss




6. During the 1930s, what common treatment for schizophrenia caused clients to fall into a coma
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss



ss that could last as long as 50 hours?
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss



a. Electroconvulsive therapy ss



b. Insulin therapy ss



c. Humoral therapy ss

, d. Amphetamine therapy ss




ANS: B ss



Insulin therapy was believed to successfully treat schizophrenia in the early 1900s.
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss



Amphetamines were used to treat depression, and electroconvulsive therapy was used for
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss



severe depression. Humoral therapy, which originated in ancient Greece and Rome, was a
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss



belief that mental illness resulted from an imbalance of the humors of air, fire, water, and
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss



earth.
ss




PTS: 1 sDIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge
s REF: p. 8 ss ss ss ss



OBJ: 5
ss TOP: Influences of War on Mental Health
s s s s ss ss ss ss ss



Therapies
ss



KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity
s s ss ss ss s s ss ss ss




7. In the 1930s, what mental health disorder was electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) most often
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss



ss used to treat?
ss ss



a. Schizophrenia
b. Bipolar disorder ss



c. Severe depression ss



d. Violent behavior ss




ANS: C ss



ECT was found to be an effective treatment for severe depression in the 1930s. During this
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss



period, schizophrenia was treated with insulin therapy, and violent behavior was treated with a
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss



lobotomy. In 1949, lithium carbonate was discovered as a treatment for bipolar disorder.
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss




PTS: 1 s DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge
s REF: p. 6 ss ss ss ss



OBJ: 5
ss TOP: Influences of War on Mental Health
s s s s ss ss ss ss ss



Therapies
ss

KEY: Nursing Process Step: AN
s s s s e sR
s meI
nt GMSBC:.CClieM
nt Needs: Psychosocial Integrity
ss ss ss s s ss ss ss




USNT ss ss ss O
8. In the early twentieth century, a frontal lobotomy was a common treatment for violent
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss



behaviors. Which description of this procedure is accurate?
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss



a. A procedure that delivers an electrical stimulus to the frontal lobes of the brain
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss



b. A surgical procedure that drills holes in the front of the skull to drain fluid
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss



c. A surgical procedure that severs the frontal lobes of the brain from the thalamus
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss



d. A surgical procedure that inserts implants into the frontal lobes of the brain
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss




ANS: C ss



A frontal lobotomy is a surgical procedure in which the frontal lobes of the brain are severed
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss



from the thalamus.
ss ss ss




PTS: 1 sDIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge
s REF: p. 6 ss ss ss ss



OBJ: 5
ss TOP: Influences of War on Mental Health
s s s s ss ss ss ss ss



Therapies
ss



KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity
s s ss ss ss s s ss ss ss




9. Which class of drugs was introduced in the 1930s for the treatment of depression?
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss



a. SSRIs
b. Tricyclic antidepressants ss



c. MAOIs
d. Amphetamines
ANS: D ss