NURSING FUNDAMENTALS FINAL EXAM: ULTIMATE
COMPREHENSIVE PRACTICE QUESTION BANK – 230 MULTIPLE-
CHOICE QUESTIONS WITH DETAILED RATIONALES, COVERING
PATIENT CARE, SAFETY, INFECTION CONTROL, VITAL SIGNS,
ADLS, LEGAL/ETHICAL ISSUES, AND END-OF-LIFE CARE
1. A resident who is usually alert and oriented suddenly becomes
confused and agitated. What should be your FIRST action?
A. Restrain the resident to prevent injury
B. Report the change to the nurse immediately
C. Leave the resident alone to calm down
D. Give the resident a sedative
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Sudden changes in mental status can indicate a serious
medical condition such as infection, stroke, or medication reaction. The
nurse must be notified immediately for assessment. Restraints should
never be used without an order, and leaving the resident alone could be
dangerous.
2. When providing perineal care to a female resident, what is the
correct cleaning technique?
A. Clean from the anal area toward the urethra
B. Clean from the urethra toward the anal area
C. Clean in a circular motion around the perineum
D. Clean back and forth over the entire area
,Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Cleaning from the urethra toward the anal area prevents
bacteria from the anal area from being introduced into the urethra,
which could cause a urinary tract infection. This is a critical infection
control practice.
3. The nurse aide finds a resident on the floor. What should the aide
do FIRST?
A. Check for injuries and call for help
B. Help the resident back into bed
C. Run and get the charge nurse
D. Document the incident
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The priority is to assess the resident for injuries and get
immediate assistance. Moving the resident without assessment could
cause further injury. Documentation comes after the resident is safe.
4. Which of the following is a sign of impending death?
A. Increased appetite
B. Increased energy and activity
C. Decreased blood pressure and heart rate
D. Clear, alert mental status
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: As death approaches, vital signs typically decrease. Blood
,pressure drops, heart rate slows, and respirations become irregular. The
other options describe signs of improvement, not decline.
5. What is the proper way to identify a resident before providing care?
A. Ask the resident "Are you Mr. Smith?"
B. Check the name on the bed
C. Check the identification band and ask the resident to state their
name
D. Ask the roommate who they are
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Two identifiers are required for patient safety. The
identification band provides positive identification, and asking the
resident to state their name confirms identity. Simply asking "Are you..."
could lead to errors if the resident is confused.
6. When assisting a resident who has left-sided weakness to dress,
which sleeve should be put on FIRST?
A. Right sleeve
B. Left sleeve
C. Both sleeves simultaneously
D. The stronger arm sleeve
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The weak side should be dressed first because it is easier to
put clothing on the weak arm when the strong arm can help guide it
, into the sleeve. The strong side is dressed second for easier removal
later.
7. The most accurate temperature measurement is obtained through
which route?
A. Oral
B. Axillary
C. Temporal
D. Rectal
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Rectal temperatures are considered the most accurate
because they reflect core body temperature and are not affected by
external factors like eating, drinking, or breathing through the mouth.
However, they are not always appropriate for every patient.
8. When measuring blood pressure, the cuff should be placed:
A. Over the patient's clothing
B. Over a thick sweater for comfort
C. On bare skin
D. Above the elbow on the upper arm
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The blood pressure cuff must be placed on bare skin to
ensure accurate readings. Clothing can interfere with the cuff's ability to
properly compress the artery and can cause falsely elevated or
inaccurate readings.
COMPREHENSIVE PRACTICE QUESTION BANK – 230 MULTIPLE-
CHOICE QUESTIONS WITH DETAILED RATIONALES, COVERING
PATIENT CARE, SAFETY, INFECTION CONTROL, VITAL SIGNS,
ADLS, LEGAL/ETHICAL ISSUES, AND END-OF-LIFE CARE
1. A resident who is usually alert and oriented suddenly becomes
confused and agitated. What should be your FIRST action?
A. Restrain the resident to prevent injury
B. Report the change to the nurse immediately
C. Leave the resident alone to calm down
D. Give the resident a sedative
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Sudden changes in mental status can indicate a serious
medical condition such as infection, stroke, or medication reaction. The
nurse must be notified immediately for assessment. Restraints should
never be used without an order, and leaving the resident alone could be
dangerous.
2. When providing perineal care to a female resident, what is the
correct cleaning technique?
A. Clean from the anal area toward the urethra
B. Clean from the urethra toward the anal area
C. Clean in a circular motion around the perineum
D. Clean back and forth over the entire area
,Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Cleaning from the urethra toward the anal area prevents
bacteria from the anal area from being introduced into the urethra,
which could cause a urinary tract infection. This is a critical infection
control practice.
3. The nurse aide finds a resident on the floor. What should the aide
do FIRST?
A. Check for injuries and call for help
B. Help the resident back into bed
C. Run and get the charge nurse
D. Document the incident
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The priority is to assess the resident for injuries and get
immediate assistance. Moving the resident without assessment could
cause further injury. Documentation comes after the resident is safe.
4. Which of the following is a sign of impending death?
A. Increased appetite
B. Increased energy and activity
C. Decreased blood pressure and heart rate
D. Clear, alert mental status
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: As death approaches, vital signs typically decrease. Blood
,pressure drops, heart rate slows, and respirations become irregular. The
other options describe signs of improvement, not decline.
5. What is the proper way to identify a resident before providing care?
A. Ask the resident "Are you Mr. Smith?"
B. Check the name on the bed
C. Check the identification band and ask the resident to state their
name
D. Ask the roommate who they are
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Two identifiers are required for patient safety. The
identification band provides positive identification, and asking the
resident to state their name confirms identity. Simply asking "Are you..."
could lead to errors if the resident is confused.
6. When assisting a resident who has left-sided weakness to dress,
which sleeve should be put on FIRST?
A. Right sleeve
B. Left sleeve
C. Both sleeves simultaneously
D. The stronger arm sleeve
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The weak side should be dressed first because it is easier to
put clothing on the weak arm when the strong arm can help guide it
, into the sleeve. The strong side is dressed second for easier removal
later.
7. The most accurate temperature measurement is obtained through
which route?
A. Oral
B. Axillary
C. Temporal
D. Rectal
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Rectal temperatures are considered the most accurate
because they reflect core body temperature and are not affected by
external factors like eating, drinking, or breathing through the mouth.
However, they are not always appropriate for every patient.
8. When measuring blood pressure, the cuff should be placed:
A. Over the patient's clothing
B. Over a thick sweater for comfort
C. On bare skin
D. Above the elbow on the upper arm
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The blood pressure cuff must be placed on bare skin to
ensure accurate readings. Clothing can interfere with the cuff's ability to
properly compress the artery and can cause falsely elevated or
inaccurate readings.
