lOMoAR cPSD| 67691079
1
Kaitlyn Roman NUR 3490 Exam
------------- Pediatric Nursing -------------
Role of the Pediatric Nurse
● Therapeutic relationship, family advocacy, disease prevention and health
promotion, health teaching, support and counseling, coordination and
collaboration, ethical decision making, and research
The Key Role of the Peds RN: Focus on family, advocate for patients,
educate/collaborate, and use evidence-based practice.
Patient-Family Centered Care
● Respect for the child and family, recognition of the effects of cultural, racial, ethnic,
and socioeconomic diversity on the family’s healthcare experience, identification
of an expansion of the family’s strengths, support of the family’s choices related
to the child’s healthcare, maintenance of flexibility, provision of honest, unbiased
information in an affirming and useful manner, assistance with the emotional and
other support the child and family require, collaboration with families, and
empowerment of families
Atraumatic Care
● A type of therapeutic care aimed to prevent or minimize physical or
psychological distress; do no harm ● Components:
○ Prevent or minimize physical distress
○ Prevent or minimize child-parent separation
○ Promote a sense of control
● Key Considerations for Pediatric Physical Exam
○ Noninvasive to invasive
○ Peripheral to Central
○ Examine normal before abnormal
○ Go with the flow
Pediatric Age Groups
● Newborn → 0-28 days
, lOMoAR cPSD| 67691079
2
●
● Infant → 0-1 year
● Toddler → 1 up to 3 years
Preschool → 3 years to 6 years
● School Age → 6 years to 11 years
● Adolescent → 12 years to 20 years
--------- Communicating with Children & Families ---------
**Nursing Interventions**
Considerations for Hospitalization for Differnent Age Groups
● Infants: BIRTH (0) to Age 1
○ Encourage parents to hold and stay with the infant, provide opportunities for
sucking, and offer toys that give comfort and stimulate interest and pain
control (trust)
● Toddlers: Age 1-3
○ Toilet training procedures, encourage independent behaviors – feeding,
hygiene, dressing self, give short explanations, reward appropriate
behavior
■ Do not begin toilet training in the hospital, accept regression during
hospitalization
● Preschooler: Age 3-5
○ Encourage parental involvement, provide safe versions of medical
equipment for play, give clear explanations about illness
■ Explain that the child is not responsible for the illness, and allow
the child to draw – many emotions come through art ● School Age: Age 5-6
○ Provide gowns, covers, and underwear. Explain treatments and
procedures; encourage school work, hobbies, and favorite activities ● Adolescents:
& up
○ Provide privacy, interview separately from parents when possible,
encourage participation in care and decision-making, encourage peer
visitation, provide information on sexuality
, lOMoAR cPSD| 67691079
3
●
Ways to Consider Examining a Child to Include Parents
● Parents can hold the child in procedures that the child must remain still
● Allow the parents to express concerns and ask questions
● Can allow the parent to administer meds if the child prefers parents
○ Make sure to teach parents to do it properly
Ways to Reduce Anxiety in Hospitals
Family-centered care is the most important
● Show a doll what procedure you are doing
● Try to keep the same system as home
● Allow kids to wear their own home pjs
● Therapeutic communication with parents and kids
● Provide positive reinforcement, reassurance, guidance, and support
● After the procedure, hold and comfort the child; cuddle and soothe infants
● Remember to praise children for appropriate behavior during the procedure and
after all interventions are completed
------------ Medication Administration ------------
Different Types of Medications
Oral
● From infant to one year old, they take medication via syringe. First, they pour it
into a cup and then draw up the medication. Then, they put the syringe in their
mouth and aim at the back corner of their mouth.
○ If the pill has to be crushed, offer to put it in some applesauce.
Never put crushed pills in breast milk or formula. After one year of age, you can
use a teaspoon. Rectal
● It is not the preferred route for medication in children because the drug’s
absorption may be erratic and unpredictable, and the method is invasive.
Lubricate the suppository well and have the child in a side-lying position.
Ophthalmic
1
Kaitlyn Roman NUR 3490 Exam
------------- Pediatric Nursing -------------
Role of the Pediatric Nurse
● Therapeutic relationship, family advocacy, disease prevention and health
promotion, health teaching, support and counseling, coordination and
collaboration, ethical decision making, and research
The Key Role of the Peds RN: Focus on family, advocate for patients,
educate/collaborate, and use evidence-based practice.
Patient-Family Centered Care
● Respect for the child and family, recognition of the effects of cultural, racial, ethnic,
and socioeconomic diversity on the family’s healthcare experience, identification
of an expansion of the family’s strengths, support of the family’s choices related
to the child’s healthcare, maintenance of flexibility, provision of honest, unbiased
information in an affirming and useful manner, assistance with the emotional and
other support the child and family require, collaboration with families, and
empowerment of families
Atraumatic Care
● A type of therapeutic care aimed to prevent or minimize physical or
psychological distress; do no harm ● Components:
○ Prevent or minimize physical distress
○ Prevent or minimize child-parent separation
○ Promote a sense of control
● Key Considerations for Pediatric Physical Exam
○ Noninvasive to invasive
○ Peripheral to Central
○ Examine normal before abnormal
○ Go with the flow
Pediatric Age Groups
● Newborn → 0-28 days
, lOMoAR cPSD| 67691079
2
●
● Infant → 0-1 year
● Toddler → 1 up to 3 years
Preschool → 3 years to 6 years
● School Age → 6 years to 11 years
● Adolescent → 12 years to 20 years
--------- Communicating with Children & Families ---------
**Nursing Interventions**
Considerations for Hospitalization for Differnent Age Groups
● Infants: BIRTH (0) to Age 1
○ Encourage parents to hold and stay with the infant, provide opportunities for
sucking, and offer toys that give comfort and stimulate interest and pain
control (trust)
● Toddlers: Age 1-3
○ Toilet training procedures, encourage independent behaviors – feeding,
hygiene, dressing self, give short explanations, reward appropriate
behavior
■ Do not begin toilet training in the hospital, accept regression during
hospitalization
● Preschooler: Age 3-5
○ Encourage parental involvement, provide safe versions of medical
equipment for play, give clear explanations about illness
■ Explain that the child is not responsible for the illness, and allow
the child to draw – many emotions come through art ● School Age: Age 5-6
○ Provide gowns, covers, and underwear. Explain treatments and
procedures; encourage school work, hobbies, and favorite activities ● Adolescents:
& up
○ Provide privacy, interview separately from parents when possible,
encourage participation in care and decision-making, encourage peer
visitation, provide information on sexuality
, lOMoAR cPSD| 67691079
3
●
Ways to Consider Examining a Child to Include Parents
● Parents can hold the child in procedures that the child must remain still
● Allow the parents to express concerns and ask questions
● Can allow the parent to administer meds if the child prefers parents
○ Make sure to teach parents to do it properly
Ways to Reduce Anxiety in Hospitals
Family-centered care is the most important
● Show a doll what procedure you are doing
● Try to keep the same system as home
● Allow kids to wear their own home pjs
● Therapeutic communication with parents and kids
● Provide positive reinforcement, reassurance, guidance, and support
● After the procedure, hold and comfort the child; cuddle and soothe infants
● Remember to praise children for appropriate behavior during the procedure and
after all interventions are completed
------------ Medication Administration ------------
Different Types of Medications
Oral
● From infant to one year old, they take medication via syringe. First, they pour it
into a cup and then draw up the medication. Then, they put the syringe in their
mouth and aim at the back corner of their mouth.
○ If the pill has to be crushed, offer to put it in some applesauce.
Never put crushed pills in breast milk or formula. After one year of age, you can
use a teaspoon. Rectal
● It is not the preferred route for medication in children because the drug’s
absorption may be erratic and unpredictable, and the method is invasive.
Lubricate the suppository well and have the child in a side-lying position.
Ophthalmic
