NUR 2502 MDC3 Exam 2: Practice
Questions with Answers & Rationales
## Questions 1-50: Renal and Genitourinary Disorders
**1. A nurse is caring for a client who is status-post nephrostomy
secondary to renal cell carcinoma. Which nursing intervention is the
highest priority in postoperative management?**
A. Coughing and deep breathing
B. Assessing pain management
C. Monitoring for hemorrhage
D. Recommending early ambulation
**Answer: C. Monitoring for hemorrhage**
Rationale: The highest priority following a nephrostomy is monitoring
for hemorrhage, as the kidney is highly vascular and postoperative
bleeding is a significant risk. Hemorrhage can lead to hypovolemic
,shock, which is immediately life-threatening. While other interventions
are important, they are secondary to preventing and detecting
hemorrhage .
---
**2. A nurse is teaching an older adult client with diabetes about
preventing long-term complications of nephropathy. Which instruction
should the nurse include?**
A. "Have an eye examination once per year."
B. "Examine your feet carefully every day."
C. "Maintain a stable blood glucose level."
D. "Wear compression stockings daily."
**Answer
: C. "Maintain a stable blood glucose level."**
Rationale: Diabetic nephropathy is caused by microvascular damage
from chronic hyperglycemia. Maintaining stable blood glucose levels is
the most important preventive measure. Tight glycemic control slows
the progression of kidney damage. While eye exams and foot care are
,important for other diabetic complications, glycemic control directly
targets the underlying cause of nephropathy .
---
**3. A nurse is caring for a client diagnosed with stage 5 chronic kidney
disease. Which treatment option is appropriate for a client with end-
stage kidney disease?**
A. NSAIDs
B. Dialysis
C. Fluid restriction
D. Diet rich in potassium and magnesium
**Answer: B. Dialysis**
Rationale: Stage 5 CKD (end-stage renal disease) occurs when the
kidneys can no longer maintain homeostasis. Dialysis is a life-sustaining
treatment that artificially removes waste products and excess fluid.
Fluid restriction may be part of care but does not replace kidney
function. NSAIDs are nephrotoxic and contraindicated. A diet rich in
potassium and magnesium would be dangerous due to impaired
excretion .
---
, **4. A nurse is providing education to a client diagnosed with urinary
incontinence. Which should be included in the client's education?**
A. Limit fluids to control the need to urinate
B. Drink caffeine daily
C. Avoid salt intake
D. Maintain an ideal body weight
**Answer: D. Maintain an ideal body weight**
Rationale: Maintaining an ideal body weight reduces intra-abdominal
pressure on the bladder, improving continence. Limiting fluids can
cause concentrated urine that irritates the bladder. Caffeine is a
bladder irritant and should be avoided. Salt intake does not directly
affect incontinence .
---
**5. A nurse is caring for a male client diagnosed with BPH. Which
medication should the nurse instruct the client to avoid?**
A. NSAIDs
B. Calcium channel blockers
Questions with Answers & Rationales
## Questions 1-50: Renal and Genitourinary Disorders
**1. A nurse is caring for a client who is status-post nephrostomy
secondary to renal cell carcinoma. Which nursing intervention is the
highest priority in postoperative management?**
A. Coughing and deep breathing
B. Assessing pain management
C. Monitoring for hemorrhage
D. Recommending early ambulation
**Answer: C. Monitoring for hemorrhage**
Rationale: The highest priority following a nephrostomy is monitoring
for hemorrhage, as the kidney is highly vascular and postoperative
bleeding is a significant risk. Hemorrhage can lead to hypovolemic
,shock, which is immediately life-threatening. While other interventions
are important, they are secondary to preventing and detecting
hemorrhage .
---
**2. A nurse is teaching an older adult client with diabetes about
preventing long-term complications of nephropathy. Which instruction
should the nurse include?**
A. "Have an eye examination once per year."
B. "Examine your feet carefully every day."
C. "Maintain a stable blood glucose level."
D. "Wear compression stockings daily."
**Answer
: C. "Maintain a stable blood glucose level."**
Rationale: Diabetic nephropathy is caused by microvascular damage
from chronic hyperglycemia. Maintaining stable blood glucose levels is
the most important preventive measure. Tight glycemic control slows
the progression of kidney damage. While eye exams and foot care are
,important for other diabetic complications, glycemic control directly
targets the underlying cause of nephropathy .
---
**3. A nurse is caring for a client diagnosed with stage 5 chronic kidney
disease. Which treatment option is appropriate for a client with end-
stage kidney disease?**
A. NSAIDs
B. Dialysis
C. Fluid restriction
D. Diet rich in potassium and magnesium
**Answer: B. Dialysis**
Rationale: Stage 5 CKD (end-stage renal disease) occurs when the
kidneys can no longer maintain homeostasis. Dialysis is a life-sustaining
treatment that artificially removes waste products and excess fluid.
Fluid restriction may be part of care but does not replace kidney
function. NSAIDs are nephrotoxic and contraindicated. A diet rich in
potassium and magnesium would be dangerous due to impaired
excretion .
---
, **4. A nurse is providing education to a client diagnosed with urinary
incontinence. Which should be included in the client's education?**
A. Limit fluids to control the need to urinate
B. Drink caffeine daily
C. Avoid salt intake
D. Maintain an ideal body weight
**Answer: D. Maintain an ideal body weight**
Rationale: Maintaining an ideal body weight reduces intra-abdominal
pressure on the bladder, improving continence. Limiting fluids can
cause concentrated urine that irritates the bladder. Caffeine is a
bladder irritant and should be avoided. Salt intake does not directly
affect incontinence .
---
**5. A nurse is caring for a male client diagnosed with BPH. Which
medication should the nurse instruct the client to avoid?**
A. NSAIDs
B. Calcium channel blockers
