Simulated National Board Dental Hygiene Examination with all Correct &
100% Verified Answers |Latest Version |Already Graded A+
Which of the following is a measure of the energy needed to maintain life while at rest and without
food? - (ANSWER)BMR
RATIONALE: Energy for basal metabolism is referred to as the basal metabolic rate (BMR), which is a
measure of energy. The specific dynamic energy (SDE) is a measure used during metabolism of food.
Protein energy malnutrition (PEM), a potentially fatal protein deficit, is prominent in anorexic individuals,
as well as those in later stages of HIV infection. Coronary heart disease (CHD), is a disease state, not a
measure of energy.
During the intraoral examination, a translucent-to-whitish irregular film on the buccal mucosa is noted.
The film is not removable with gauze. Which of the following conditions is MOST likely present? -
(ANSWER)Hyperkeratinization
RATIONALE: Hyperkeratinization can result from constant low-grade irritations such as cheek biting,
which causes an abnormal layer of keratin to develop. The client needs to be questioned regarding
parafunctional oral habits. Hyperplasia is an increase in the number of cells whereas linea alba presents
as a whitish, horizontal, elevated line on the buccal mucosa at the height of the occlusal plane. Also
whitish in appearance, leukoplakia is characterized as white patches that sometimes appear fissured,
may cause discomfort, cannot be scraped off and are considered precancerous.
When comparing permanent and primary molars, which of the following statements is TRUE? -
(ANSWER)Primary molars have larger pulp chambers.
RATIONALE: The pulp chambers of primary molars are larger than those of the permanent molars.
Second primary molars, not first primary molars, have anatomy similar to that of the first permanent
molars. Primary molars have the same number of roots as permanent molars; note that neither primary
molars nor permanent molars are classified as succedaneous teeth. A succedaneous tooth is a
permanent tooth that replaces a primary tooth. Thus, permanent incisors are succedaneous, but
permanent molars are not. The root trunks of primary molars are very short in comparison with those of
permanent molars
John Jeffry, a 45-year-old man, calls the dental office to request an appointment for an oral examination.
After discovering that he has cerebral palsy, the office manager tells Mr. Jeffry that he cannot be treated
,Simulated National Board Dental Hygiene Examination with all Correct &
100% Verified Answers |Latest Version |Already Graded A+
in the office due to his condition. Which of the following BEST describes the behavior being
demonstrated by the office manager? - (ANSWER)This behavior is an example of discrimination
according to the Americans with Disabilities Act.
RATIONALE: This illegal behavior is an example of discrimination according to the Americans with
Disabilities Act (ADA). Based upon the ADA, dental practices can neither refuse treatment based on a
client's disability nor can they prescreen clients to determine whether they will provide care. Although
the Equal Rights Amendment affords important protection to all citizens, it has no bearing on the
provision of dental treatment.
Which of the following correctly ranks the tissues in order of MOST sensitive to LEAST sensitive to
ionizing radiation? - (ANSWER)Reproductive, lymphatic, endocrine, digestive, nervous
RATIONALE: In general, younger cells with a high rate of metabolism, an increased proliferation and
growth rate, and a decrease in specialization are more susceptible to radiation-induced biologic changes.
Therefore, reproductive organs represent tissue with cells that are most radiosensitive, whereas the
nervous system is composed of cells considered to be the most radioresistant. In descending order of
radiosensitivity are lymphatic, endocrine, and digestive tissues. An important concept, tissues that are
less sensitive to radiation-induced biological changes will be more specialized, have lower rates of
metabolism and decreased proliferation and growth rates.
Which of the following describes a dental implant that is placed on the surface of the bone beneath the
periosteum? - (ANSWER)Subperiosteal
RATIONALE: A subperiosteal implant is placed on the surface of the bone beneath the periosteum.
Periosseous is not a term associated with a type of dental implant. An endosseous implant is placed into
the alveolar bone whereas a transosteal implant is placed through the alveolar bone.
Studies of the natural history of periodontal disease have shown which of the following to be TRUE? -
(ANSWER)Periodontal therapy and oral self-care will slow the rate of attachment loss in periodontitis.
,Simulated National Board Dental Hygiene Examination with all Correct &
100% Verified Answers |Latest Version |Already Graded A+
RATIONALE: In studies of Sri Lanka tea workers, comparison of untreated groups with regular dental care
attendees from Norway documented that periodontal therapy and self-care slow the rate of clinical
attachment loss (0.3 and 0.1 mm, respectively). Because plaque and calculus are common in treated and
untreated clients, incidence of periodontitis is not affected by the amount these accretions. Regarding
patterns of disease progression, gingivitis will not necessarily progress to periodontitis, nor does
untreated periodontal disease rapidly progress.
Acidic agents, such as acidulated phosphate fluoride (APF) gels and foams, can inadvertently dissolve
ceramic phases on all of the following surfaces EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION? - (ANSWER)Pit
and fissure sealants
RATIONALE: Inadvertent dissolution of a ceramic phase is not a concern with pit and fissure sealants
because sealants do not contain a ceramic phase that is vulnerable to dissolution. When a client's
treatment plan includes an acidulated phosphate fluoride gel or foam, the dental hygienist must first
assure that damage from the low pH (acidity) of the solution will not damage any existing dental
restorations. Hybrid composites have glass fillers that can be dissolved by APF. Porcelain fused-to-metal
(PFM) restorations can be partially dissolved by APF as can CAD/CAM ceramics which are etched during
the bonding procedures by hydrofluoric acid. Also vulnerable to dissolution by APF are porcelain
veneers.
The eruption sequence for maxillary permanent teeth is: central incisors, lateral incisors, first molars,
canines, first premolars
In general, maxillary permanent teeth erupt prior to mandibular permanent teeth. - (ANSWER)Both
statements are FALSE.
RATIONALE: The eruption sequence for maxillary permanent teeth is first molars (age 6 to 7); central
incisors (age 7 to 8); lateral incisors (age 8 to 9); first premolars (age 10 to 11); canines (age 11 to 12). In
general, the mandibular permanent (as well as deciduous) teeth erupt prior to their maxillary
counterparts.
Congenital heart disease is associated with anomalies of the heart structure.
, Simulated National Board Dental Hygiene Examination with all Correct &
100% Verified Answers |Latest Version |Already Graded A+
Anomalies of the heart structure occur in utero during weeks 15 through 20. - (ANSWER)The first
statement is TRUE, the second is FALSE.
RATIONALE: Congenital heart disease is associated with anomalies of the heart structure, which occur in
the first 9 weeks in utero.
The surfaces used to determine the terminus or terminal plane of the primary dentition is the -
(ANSWER)distal surface of a mandibular second primary molar.
RATIONALE: Distal surfaces of second primary molars are considered to be end vertical planes or termini
of the primary dentition. A terminus refers to the end of a structure; neither the first primary molar nor
its mesial surface is the endpoint of a primary dentition. Similarly, the distal surface of a mandibular first
primary molar is not the end point of a primary dentition. In the same logic pattern, the mesial surface
of a second primary molar is not the termination of a primary dentition.
Plaque-induced gingivitis will always progress to chronic periodontitis if left untreated.
Both plaque-induced gingivitis and chronic periodontitis are manifested by alveolar bone loss. -
(ANSWER)Both statements are FALSE.
RATIONALE: While plaque-induced gingivitis generally precedes chronic periodontitis in the pathogenesis
of periodontal disease, chronic disease may be prevented. This requires timely diagnosis, appropriate
treatment, and adherence to recommended maintenance protocols. Note that only chronic periodontitis
results in attachment loss, plaque-induced gingivitis does not.
Which of the following are early bacterial colonizers of the tooth surfaces? - (ANSWER)Gram-positive
cocci
100% Verified Answers |Latest Version |Already Graded A+
Which of the following is a measure of the energy needed to maintain life while at rest and without
food? - (ANSWER)BMR
RATIONALE: Energy for basal metabolism is referred to as the basal metabolic rate (BMR), which is a
measure of energy. The specific dynamic energy (SDE) is a measure used during metabolism of food.
Protein energy malnutrition (PEM), a potentially fatal protein deficit, is prominent in anorexic individuals,
as well as those in later stages of HIV infection. Coronary heart disease (CHD), is a disease state, not a
measure of energy.
During the intraoral examination, a translucent-to-whitish irregular film on the buccal mucosa is noted.
The film is not removable with gauze. Which of the following conditions is MOST likely present? -
(ANSWER)Hyperkeratinization
RATIONALE: Hyperkeratinization can result from constant low-grade irritations such as cheek biting,
which causes an abnormal layer of keratin to develop. The client needs to be questioned regarding
parafunctional oral habits. Hyperplasia is an increase in the number of cells whereas linea alba presents
as a whitish, horizontal, elevated line on the buccal mucosa at the height of the occlusal plane. Also
whitish in appearance, leukoplakia is characterized as white patches that sometimes appear fissured,
may cause discomfort, cannot be scraped off and are considered precancerous.
When comparing permanent and primary molars, which of the following statements is TRUE? -
(ANSWER)Primary molars have larger pulp chambers.
RATIONALE: The pulp chambers of primary molars are larger than those of the permanent molars.
Second primary molars, not first primary molars, have anatomy similar to that of the first permanent
molars. Primary molars have the same number of roots as permanent molars; note that neither primary
molars nor permanent molars are classified as succedaneous teeth. A succedaneous tooth is a
permanent tooth that replaces a primary tooth. Thus, permanent incisors are succedaneous, but
permanent molars are not. The root trunks of primary molars are very short in comparison with those of
permanent molars
John Jeffry, a 45-year-old man, calls the dental office to request an appointment for an oral examination.
After discovering that he has cerebral palsy, the office manager tells Mr. Jeffry that he cannot be treated
,Simulated National Board Dental Hygiene Examination with all Correct &
100% Verified Answers |Latest Version |Already Graded A+
in the office due to his condition. Which of the following BEST describes the behavior being
demonstrated by the office manager? - (ANSWER)This behavior is an example of discrimination
according to the Americans with Disabilities Act.
RATIONALE: This illegal behavior is an example of discrimination according to the Americans with
Disabilities Act (ADA). Based upon the ADA, dental practices can neither refuse treatment based on a
client's disability nor can they prescreen clients to determine whether they will provide care. Although
the Equal Rights Amendment affords important protection to all citizens, it has no bearing on the
provision of dental treatment.
Which of the following correctly ranks the tissues in order of MOST sensitive to LEAST sensitive to
ionizing radiation? - (ANSWER)Reproductive, lymphatic, endocrine, digestive, nervous
RATIONALE: In general, younger cells with a high rate of metabolism, an increased proliferation and
growth rate, and a decrease in specialization are more susceptible to radiation-induced biologic changes.
Therefore, reproductive organs represent tissue with cells that are most radiosensitive, whereas the
nervous system is composed of cells considered to be the most radioresistant. In descending order of
radiosensitivity are lymphatic, endocrine, and digestive tissues. An important concept, tissues that are
less sensitive to radiation-induced biological changes will be more specialized, have lower rates of
metabolism and decreased proliferation and growth rates.
Which of the following describes a dental implant that is placed on the surface of the bone beneath the
periosteum? - (ANSWER)Subperiosteal
RATIONALE: A subperiosteal implant is placed on the surface of the bone beneath the periosteum.
Periosseous is not a term associated with a type of dental implant. An endosseous implant is placed into
the alveolar bone whereas a transosteal implant is placed through the alveolar bone.
Studies of the natural history of periodontal disease have shown which of the following to be TRUE? -
(ANSWER)Periodontal therapy and oral self-care will slow the rate of attachment loss in periodontitis.
,Simulated National Board Dental Hygiene Examination with all Correct &
100% Verified Answers |Latest Version |Already Graded A+
RATIONALE: In studies of Sri Lanka tea workers, comparison of untreated groups with regular dental care
attendees from Norway documented that periodontal therapy and self-care slow the rate of clinical
attachment loss (0.3 and 0.1 mm, respectively). Because plaque and calculus are common in treated and
untreated clients, incidence of periodontitis is not affected by the amount these accretions. Regarding
patterns of disease progression, gingivitis will not necessarily progress to periodontitis, nor does
untreated periodontal disease rapidly progress.
Acidic agents, such as acidulated phosphate fluoride (APF) gels and foams, can inadvertently dissolve
ceramic phases on all of the following surfaces EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION? - (ANSWER)Pit
and fissure sealants
RATIONALE: Inadvertent dissolution of a ceramic phase is not a concern with pit and fissure sealants
because sealants do not contain a ceramic phase that is vulnerable to dissolution. When a client's
treatment plan includes an acidulated phosphate fluoride gel or foam, the dental hygienist must first
assure that damage from the low pH (acidity) of the solution will not damage any existing dental
restorations. Hybrid composites have glass fillers that can be dissolved by APF. Porcelain fused-to-metal
(PFM) restorations can be partially dissolved by APF as can CAD/CAM ceramics which are etched during
the bonding procedures by hydrofluoric acid. Also vulnerable to dissolution by APF are porcelain
veneers.
The eruption sequence for maxillary permanent teeth is: central incisors, lateral incisors, first molars,
canines, first premolars
In general, maxillary permanent teeth erupt prior to mandibular permanent teeth. - (ANSWER)Both
statements are FALSE.
RATIONALE: The eruption sequence for maxillary permanent teeth is first molars (age 6 to 7); central
incisors (age 7 to 8); lateral incisors (age 8 to 9); first premolars (age 10 to 11); canines (age 11 to 12). In
general, the mandibular permanent (as well as deciduous) teeth erupt prior to their maxillary
counterparts.
Congenital heart disease is associated with anomalies of the heart structure.
, Simulated National Board Dental Hygiene Examination with all Correct &
100% Verified Answers |Latest Version |Already Graded A+
Anomalies of the heart structure occur in utero during weeks 15 through 20. - (ANSWER)The first
statement is TRUE, the second is FALSE.
RATIONALE: Congenital heart disease is associated with anomalies of the heart structure, which occur in
the first 9 weeks in utero.
The surfaces used to determine the terminus or terminal plane of the primary dentition is the -
(ANSWER)distal surface of a mandibular second primary molar.
RATIONALE: Distal surfaces of second primary molars are considered to be end vertical planes or termini
of the primary dentition. A terminus refers to the end of a structure; neither the first primary molar nor
its mesial surface is the endpoint of a primary dentition. Similarly, the distal surface of a mandibular first
primary molar is not the end point of a primary dentition. In the same logic pattern, the mesial surface
of a second primary molar is not the termination of a primary dentition.
Plaque-induced gingivitis will always progress to chronic periodontitis if left untreated.
Both plaque-induced gingivitis and chronic periodontitis are manifested by alveolar bone loss. -
(ANSWER)Both statements are FALSE.
RATIONALE: While plaque-induced gingivitis generally precedes chronic periodontitis in the pathogenesis
of periodontal disease, chronic disease may be prevented. This requires timely diagnosis, appropriate
treatment, and adherence to recommended maintenance protocols. Note that only chronic periodontitis
results in attachment loss, plaque-induced gingivitis does not.
Which of the following are early bacterial colonizers of the tooth surfaces? - (ANSWER)Gram-positive
cocci
