SLP PRAXIS PRACTICE EXAM 2026
UPDATE QUEATIONS AND CORRECT
VERIFIED ANSWERS ALREADY GRADED
A+ (BRAND NEW VISION)
What is continuous reinforcement? - ANS-a method of reinforcing all correct
responses in treatment sessions
What is intermittent reinforcement? - ANS-reinforcing only some responses
What is differential reinforcement? - ANS-reinforcing correct responses and
ignoring incorrect responses
What is differential reinforcement of alternative behaviors? - ANS-reinforcing a
specific, desirable alternative to an undesirable behavior
What is a differential reinforcement of lower rates of responding? - ANS-decreasing
undesirable behaviors gradually by reinforcing progressively lower frequencies
of that behavior
"Jimmy hits adults on the average of four times per hour. The limit established is
three per hour. Jimmy is nonverbal and loves the Thomas the Train movie. He has
three train cards and one universal "no" train card. Each time Jimmy hits at an
adult, a card is removed from a ring. If one train card is left at the end of the hour,
Jimmy may watch Thomas the Train movie for 5 minutes. If the universal "no"
card is the only one left, Jimmy does not get to watch the movie and encouraged
to try again."
What is a differential reinforcement of incompatible behaviors? - ANS-reinforcing a
desirable behavior that cannot coexist with an undesirable behavior.
"The focus is on replacing negative behaviors with positive behaviors. For
example, a student cannot sit at a desk AND wander the class"
What is a differential reinforcement of other behaviors? - ANS-specifying one
behavior that will not be reinforced while reinforcing unspecified desirable
behavior.
Timmy interrupts his teacher during classroom instruction on an average of 5
times per 30 minute period. These interruptions occur most frequently during
,whole group instruction in core content areas such as reading and math. Timmy's
teacher decides to use a DRO procedure to reduce Timmy's interruptions. She
sets the initial time interval for 5 minutes. Timmy is told that that each time he
does not interrupt his teacher for 5 minutes, he will earn one additional minute of
recess. Timmy's teacher uses a timer to indicate the beginning and end of each 5
minute interval. After each successful interval without interruption, Timmy is
given a sticker to put on a reward chart. At the end of the day, Timmy is allowed
to have additional recess time based on the total stickers earned. Over time, the
time interval may be extended.
What is negative reinforcement? - ANS-Negative reinforcement occurs when
something already present is removed (taken away) as a result of a behaviour and
the behaviour that led to this removal will increase in the future because it
created a favourable outcome.
What are automatic reinforcers? - ANS-sensory consequences of a behavior that
reinforce that behavior (child with autism bangs head and it hurts)
What are backup reinforcers? - ANS-reinforcer given at the end of a treatment
session.
earning tokens and trading them in for a reward
What are conditioned or secondary reinforcers? - ANS-things such as praise, smiles
and approval that strengthen a persons response because of past learning. also
things such as money or tokens
What are negative reinforcers? - ANS-events that are aversive and reinforce a
response that terminates or postpones the aversive event. people making fun of a
boys stutters, the boy doesn't talk
What are positive reinforcers? - ANS-Events that follow a response and thereby
strengthen them
What are primary reinforcers? - ANS-things such as food and water. helpful for
infants, toddlers or the ID
What are secondary reinforcers? - ANS-social or conditioned reinforcers (tokens)
What is the normative strategy to selecting treatment targets? - ANS-norms provide
the best basis for selecting target behaviors.
What is the client-specific strategy to selecting treatment targets? - ANS-behaviors are
selected that will improve the client's communication and help meet the social,
academic and other demands made on the client
,What is the functional communication strategy to selecting treatment targets? - ANS-
focus less on grammar and syntax and more on effective and functional
communication
What is a general outline for a treatment program? - ANS-step 1: asses client's
communication behaviors
step 2: select target behaviors for training. short term and long term goals
step 3: establish baselines
step 4: plan a treatment program
step 5: implement the treatment program
step 6: implement a maintenance program
step 7: follow up on the client's progress
step 8: arrange for a booster treatment
What is the deductive method? - ANS-explain first and verify later
What is the inductive method? - ANS-experiment first and explain later
What's a theory? - ANS-systematic body of information that explains why the event
occurs. states that x causes y
What's a hypothesis? - ANS-A proposed answer to a specific question. It's limited
to a specific scope. like there are behavioral theories of language learning, but
there may be a hypothesis that addresses language learning in children with
autism.
What is a null hypothesis? - ANS-null means zero. so a null hypothesis states that
two variables are not related.
What is an alternative hypothesis? - ANS-it states that two variables are indeed
related.
What is the correlational coefficient? - ANS-it measures the relationship between two
or more independent measures. 0 means no relationship. 1 means theres a
definite relationship.
What is the multi group pretest-posttest design? - A- ANS-there are two groups.
experimental and control. participants are randomly selected and assigned to
groups.
What are ABA and ABAB designs? - ANS-In the first phase (A), skills are measured
to establish a base rating
In the B phase, skills are taught
, In the A phase (final), the condition is withdrawn
For the ABAB design, the fourth phase has another B, in which the treatment is
reinstated
What is a multiple baseline design? - ANS-Several participants are taught one or
more behaviors sequentially to show that only the behaviors of treated
participants change
Select a target behavior to be taught to three or more participants
Base rase the target behaviors in all behaviors
Treat one participate and still base rate the others.
Treat the second participant and base rate the others
Continue
Classification variable is analogous to _________
Criterion variable is analogous to _____________ - ANS-independent
dependent
What is ex post facto research? - ANS-AKA retrospective research. They look at
independent variables that have occurred in the past. like looking at people who have
already developed lung cancer and going through their history to find that they were all
smokers.
What is survey research? - ANS-to identify prevalence of a phenomenon in an
environment by asking people as opposed to using direct observation
What is comparative research? - ANS-measuring the similarities and differences of
groups of people with defined characteristics
What is developmental research? - ANS-also called normative research. it measures
changes in subjects over time as they mature.
What is ethnographic research? - ANS-investigators immerse themselves in the
situation being studied to observe and describe naturally occurring phenomena.
What is internal validity? - ANS-the degree to which data in a study reflect a true cause-
effect relationship.
What is external validity? - ANS-the degree to which the investigator can extend or
generalize a study's results to other subjects and situations.
UPDATE QUEATIONS AND CORRECT
VERIFIED ANSWERS ALREADY GRADED
A+ (BRAND NEW VISION)
What is continuous reinforcement? - ANS-a method of reinforcing all correct
responses in treatment sessions
What is intermittent reinforcement? - ANS-reinforcing only some responses
What is differential reinforcement? - ANS-reinforcing correct responses and
ignoring incorrect responses
What is differential reinforcement of alternative behaviors? - ANS-reinforcing a
specific, desirable alternative to an undesirable behavior
What is a differential reinforcement of lower rates of responding? - ANS-decreasing
undesirable behaviors gradually by reinforcing progressively lower frequencies
of that behavior
"Jimmy hits adults on the average of four times per hour. The limit established is
three per hour. Jimmy is nonverbal and loves the Thomas the Train movie. He has
three train cards and one universal "no" train card. Each time Jimmy hits at an
adult, a card is removed from a ring. If one train card is left at the end of the hour,
Jimmy may watch Thomas the Train movie for 5 minutes. If the universal "no"
card is the only one left, Jimmy does not get to watch the movie and encouraged
to try again."
What is a differential reinforcement of incompatible behaviors? - ANS-reinforcing a
desirable behavior that cannot coexist with an undesirable behavior.
"The focus is on replacing negative behaviors with positive behaviors. For
example, a student cannot sit at a desk AND wander the class"
What is a differential reinforcement of other behaviors? - ANS-specifying one
behavior that will not be reinforced while reinforcing unspecified desirable
behavior.
Timmy interrupts his teacher during classroom instruction on an average of 5
times per 30 minute period. These interruptions occur most frequently during
,whole group instruction in core content areas such as reading and math. Timmy's
teacher decides to use a DRO procedure to reduce Timmy's interruptions. She
sets the initial time interval for 5 minutes. Timmy is told that that each time he
does not interrupt his teacher for 5 minutes, he will earn one additional minute of
recess. Timmy's teacher uses a timer to indicate the beginning and end of each 5
minute interval. After each successful interval without interruption, Timmy is
given a sticker to put on a reward chart. At the end of the day, Timmy is allowed
to have additional recess time based on the total stickers earned. Over time, the
time interval may be extended.
What is negative reinforcement? - ANS-Negative reinforcement occurs when
something already present is removed (taken away) as a result of a behaviour and
the behaviour that led to this removal will increase in the future because it
created a favourable outcome.
What are automatic reinforcers? - ANS-sensory consequences of a behavior that
reinforce that behavior (child with autism bangs head and it hurts)
What are backup reinforcers? - ANS-reinforcer given at the end of a treatment
session.
earning tokens and trading them in for a reward
What are conditioned or secondary reinforcers? - ANS-things such as praise, smiles
and approval that strengthen a persons response because of past learning. also
things such as money or tokens
What are negative reinforcers? - ANS-events that are aversive and reinforce a
response that terminates or postpones the aversive event. people making fun of a
boys stutters, the boy doesn't talk
What are positive reinforcers? - ANS-Events that follow a response and thereby
strengthen them
What are primary reinforcers? - ANS-things such as food and water. helpful for
infants, toddlers or the ID
What are secondary reinforcers? - ANS-social or conditioned reinforcers (tokens)
What is the normative strategy to selecting treatment targets? - ANS-norms provide
the best basis for selecting target behaviors.
What is the client-specific strategy to selecting treatment targets? - ANS-behaviors are
selected that will improve the client's communication and help meet the social,
academic and other demands made on the client
,What is the functional communication strategy to selecting treatment targets? - ANS-
focus less on grammar and syntax and more on effective and functional
communication
What is a general outline for a treatment program? - ANS-step 1: asses client's
communication behaviors
step 2: select target behaviors for training. short term and long term goals
step 3: establish baselines
step 4: plan a treatment program
step 5: implement the treatment program
step 6: implement a maintenance program
step 7: follow up on the client's progress
step 8: arrange for a booster treatment
What is the deductive method? - ANS-explain first and verify later
What is the inductive method? - ANS-experiment first and explain later
What's a theory? - ANS-systematic body of information that explains why the event
occurs. states that x causes y
What's a hypothesis? - ANS-A proposed answer to a specific question. It's limited
to a specific scope. like there are behavioral theories of language learning, but
there may be a hypothesis that addresses language learning in children with
autism.
What is a null hypothesis? - ANS-null means zero. so a null hypothesis states that
two variables are not related.
What is an alternative hypothesis? - ANS-it states that two variables are indeed
related.
What is the correlational coefficient? - ANS-it measures the relationship between two
or more independent measures. 0 means no relationship. 1 means theres a
definite relationship.
What is the multi group pretest-posttest design? - A- ANS-there are two groups.
experimental and control. participants are randomly selected and assigned to
groups.
What are ABA and ABAB designs? - ANS-In the first phase (A), skills are measured
to establish a base rating
In the B phase, skills are taught
, In the A phase (final), the condition is withdrawn
For the ABAB design, the fourth phase has another B, in which the treatment is
reinstated
What is a multiple baseline design? - ANS-Several participants are taught one or
more behaviors sequentially to show that only the behaviors of treated
participants change
Select a target behavior to be taught to three or more participants
Base rase the target behaviors in all behaviors
Treat one participate and still base rate the others.
Treat the second participant and base rate the others
Continue
Classification variable is analogous to _________
Criterion variable is analogous to _____________ - ANS-independent
dependent
What is ex post facto research? - ANS-AKA retrospective research. They look at
independent variables that have occurred in the past. like looking at people who have
already developed lung cancer and going through their history to find that they were all
smokers.
What is survey research? - ANS-to identify prevalence of a phenomenon in an
environment by asking people as opposed to using direct observation
What is comparative research? - ANS-measuring the similarities and differences of
groups of people with defined characteristics
What is developmental research? - ANS-also called normative research. it measures
changes in subjects over time as they mature.
What is ethnographic research? - ANS-investigators immerse themselves in the
situation being studied to observe and describe naturally occurring phenomena.
What is internal validity? - ANS-the degree to which data in a study reflect a true cause-
effect relationship.
What is external validity? - ANS-the degree to which the investigator can extend or
generalize a study's results to other subjects and situations.
