Exam 1 NR 324 Adult Health 1
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What age group has the highest percentage of water content? -
Answer: Preterm / Neonates
,Two fluid compartments in the body - Answer: Intracellular space
(inside cells) located in the ICF
Extracellular space (outside cells) located in the ECF
ICF makes up what percent of total body weight? - Answer: 40%
What are the two main compartments containing ECF? What other
compartments are there? - Answer: Interstitial fluid (fluid in the spaces
between cells)
Intravascular fluid (plasma)
Other compartments include lymph and transcellular fluids
Transcellular fluid includes - Answer: Cerebrospinal fluid, fluid in the
gastrointestinal tract, and joint spaces as well as pleural, peritoneal,
intraocular, and pericardial fluid.
1L of water = _____ lb. - Answer: 2.2 lb (1kg)
The concentrations of electrolytes in body fluids is expressed in
_________ - Answer: milliequivalents (mEq) per Liter
,What are the main Ions found in the ECF and ICF - Answer: ECF cation-
sodium, with small amounts of potassium, calcium, and magnesium
ECF anion- chloride, with small amounts of bicarbonate, sulfate, and
phosphate anions.
ICF cation- potassium, with small amounts of magnesium and sodium
ICF anion- phosphate, with some protein and a small amount of
bicarbonate.
Hypovolemia (ECF volume deficit) - Answer: abnormal loss of normal
body fluids, (D/V, hemorrhage, polyuria) inadequate intake, or plasma-
to-interstitial fluid shift
Fluid volume deficit
Assessment- Causes-Treatment-Client education - Answer:
Assessment- Restlessness, drowsiness, lethargy, confusion
• Thirst, dry mucous membranes
• Cold clammy skin
• Decreased skin turgor, ↓ capillary refill
• Postural hypotension, ↑ pulse, ↓ CVP
• ↓ Urine output, concentrated urine
• ↑ Respiratory rate
• Weakness, dizziness
, • Weight loss
• Seizures, coma
Causes- • ↑ Insensible water loss or perspiration (high fever,
heatstroke)
• Diabetes insipidus
• Osmotic diuresis
• Hemorrhage
• GI losses: vomiting, NG suction, diarrhea, fistula drainage
• Overuse of diuretics
• Inadequate fluid intake
• Third-space fluid shifts: burns, pancreatitis
Treatment- replace water and electrolytes with balanced IV solutions
Client education- Good skin care, if orthostatic hypotension is present,
teach to change positions slowly, remind patient to drink
Hypervolemia (ECF volume excess) - Answer: Excessive intake of fluids,
abnormal retention of fluids (HF or renal failure), or interstitial-to-
plasma fluid shift
Fluid volume excess
Chamberlain Comprehensive
Questions (Frequently Tested) and
Complete Solutions Graded A+
Professional Academic Assistance Services
Services Offered
• Proctored Exam Assistance
• Online Class Management (Full Course Support)
• Exam Preparation & Study Materials
• Assignments and Coursework Support
• Essay and Research Paper Writing
• Discussion Posts & Responses
• Editing and Proofreading
• Confidential Academic Consultation
Contact Information
Email:
WhatsApp link: https://wa.me/254704846336
Fast Response | Confidential | Reliable Academic Support
Helping Students Achieve Academic Excellence
What age group has the highest percentage of water content? -
Answer: Preterm / Neonates
,Two fluid compartments in the body - Answer: Intracellular space
(inside cells) located in the ICF
Extracellular space (outside cells) located in the ECF
ICF makes up what percent of total body weight? - Answer: 40%
What are the two main compartments containing ECF? What other
compartments are there? - Answer: Interstitial fluid (fluid in the spaces
between cells)
Intravascular fluid (plasma)
Other compartments include lymph and transcellular fluids
Transcellular fluid includes - Answer: Cerebrospinal fluid, fluid in the
gastrointestinal tract, and joint spaces as well as pleural, peritoneal,
intraocular, and pericardial fluid.
1L of water = _____ lb. - Answer: 2.2 lb (1kg)
The concentrations of electrolytes in body fluids is expressed in
_________ - Answer: milliequivalents (mEq) per Liter
,What are the main Ions found in the ECF and ICF - Answer: ECF cation-
sodium, with small amounts of potassium, calcium, and magnesium
ECF anion- chloride, with small amounts of bicarbonate, sulfate, and
phosphate anions.
ICF cation- potassium, with small amounts of magnesium and sodium
ICF anion- phosphate, with some protein and a small amount of
bicarbonate.
Hypovolemia (ECF volume deficit) - Answer: abnormal loss of normal
body fluids, (D/V, hemorrhage, polyuria) inadequate intake, or plasma-
to-interstitial fluid shift
Fluid volume deficit
Assessment- Causes-Treatment-Client education - Answer:
Assessment- Restlessness, drowsiness, lethargy, confusion
• Thirst, dry mucous membranes
• Cold clammy skin
• Decreased skin turgor, ↓ capillary refill
• Postural hypotension, ↑ pulse, ↓ CVP
• ↓ Urine output, concentrated urine
• ↑ Respiratory rate
• Weakness, dizziness
, • Weight loss
• Seizures, coma
Causes- • ↑ Insensible water loss or perspiration (high fever,
heatstroke)
• Diabetes insipidus
• Osmotic diuresis
• Hemorrhage
• GI losses: vomiting, NG suction, diarrhea, fistula drainage
• Overuse of diuretics
• Inadequate fluid intake
• Third-space fluid shifts: burns, pancreatitis
Treatment- replace water and electrolytes with balanced IV solutions
Client education- Good skin care, if orthostatic hypotension is present,
teach to change positions slowly, remind patient to drink
Hypervolemia (ECF volume excess) - Answer: Excessive intake of fluids,
abnormal retention of fluids (HF or renal failure), or interstitial-to-
plasma fluid shift
Fluid volume excess
