Final Exam - PSYC 450 questions with answers
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Physiology of pitch perception: pitch neurons - CORRECT |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
ANSWERS ✔✔A neuron that responds to stimuli |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
associated with a specific pitch. These neurons fire to the
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
pitch of a complex tone even if the first harmonic or other
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
harmonics of the tone are not present.
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Auditory cortex (A1) - in temporal lobe, All laid out in a
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
tonotopic map - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔An ordered map
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
of frequencies created by the responding of neurons
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
within structures in the auditory system. There is a
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
tonotopic map of neurons along the length of the cochlea,
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
with neurons at the apex responding best to low
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
frequencies and neurons at the base responding best to |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
high frequencies. Tonotopic map - neurons are laid out in
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
order of response to frequency
|\ |\ |\ |\
auditory pathway to cortex - CORRECT ANSWERS
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
✔✔Signals generated in the hair cells of the cochlea are|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
transmitted out of the cochlea in nerve fibers of the |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
auditory nerve. The auditory nerve carries the signals
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
generated by the inner hair cells away from the cochlea
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
along the auditory pathway, eventually reaching the
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
auditory cortex |\
1. Cochlea (info leaves via auditory nerve)
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
,2. Cochlear nucleus (brain stem)
|\ |\ |\ |\
3. Superior olivary nucleus (brain stem) - 1st place for
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
convergence from both ears - involved in sound |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
localization
4. Inferior colliculus (midbrain)
|\ |\ |\
5. Medial geniculate nucleus (thalamus)
|\ |\ |\ |\
6. Auditory cortex (A1) - in temporal lobe* All laid out in a
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
tonotopic map |\
If you have trouble remembering this sequence of
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
structures, remember the acronym SONIC MG - CORRECT |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
ANSWERS ✔✔three structures between the cochlear |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
nucleus and the auditory cortex, as follows:
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
SON=superior olivary nucleus; |\ |\ |\
IC=inferior colliculus; |\
MG=medial geniculate nucleus. |\ |\
Auditory Scene Analysis |\ |\
The main question concerning auditory scene analysis is:
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
How do we segregate differences in timbre, given -
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔The process by which the sound |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
stimuli produced by different sources in an auditory scene
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
become perceptually organized into sounds at different
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
locations and into separated streams of sound.|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
, the various frequencies of complex tones coming from
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
different instruments are encoded in such a way that the
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
response of the basilar membrane is basically overlapping
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
movement at those frequencies?
|\ |\ |\ |\
Principles of auditory grouping (ASLOPE): location, onset,
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
similarity of timbre and pitch, proximity in time (NOT
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
gestalt), auditory continuity, experience/familiarity -
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\
CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔location - sounds coming from
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
different locations are perceptually separated.
|\ |\ |\ |\
onset - sounds starting at different times likely come from
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
different sources
|\ |\
similarity of timbre and pitch - Sounds that have the same
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
timbre or pitch range are often produced by the same
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
source
proximity in time (NOT gestalt) - Sounds that occur in
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
rapid succession tend to be produced by the same
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
source, or we tend to perceive them as a melody
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
auditory continuity - Sounds that stay consistent or that
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
change smoothly are often produced by the same source
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Physiology of pitch perception: pitch neurons - CORRECT |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
ANSWERS ✔✔A neuron that responds to stimuli |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
associated with a specific pitch. These neurons fire to the
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
pitch of a complex tone even if the first harmonic or other
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
harmonics of the tone are not present.
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Auditory cortex (A1) - in temporal lobe, All laid out in a
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
tonotopic map - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔An ordered map
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
of frequencies created by the responding of neurons
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
within structures in the auditory system. There is a
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
tonotopic map of neurons along the length of the cochlea,
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
with neurons at the apex responding best to low
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
frequencies and neurons at the base responding best to |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
high frequencies. Tonotopic map - neurons are laid out in
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
order of response to frequency
|\ |\ |\ |\
auditory pathway to cortex - CORRECT ANSWERS
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
✔✔Signals generated in the hair cells of the cochlea are|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
transmitted out of the cochlea in nerve fibers of the |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
auditory nerve. The auditory nerve carries the signals
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
generated by the inner hair cells away from the cochlea
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
along the auditory pathway, eventually reaching the
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
auditory cortex |\
1. Cochlea (info leaves via auditory nerve)
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
,2. Cochlear nucleus (brain stem)
|\ |\ |\ |\
3. Superior olivary nucleus (brain stem) - 1st place for
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
convergence from both ears - involved in sound |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
localization
4. Inferior colliculus (midbrain)
|\ |\ |\
5. Medial geniculate nucleus (thalamus)
|\ |\ |\ |\
6. Auditory cortex (A1) - in temporal lobe* All laid out in a
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
tonotopic map |\
If you have trouble remembering this sequence of
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
structures, remember the acronym SONIC MG - CORRECT |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
ANSWERS ✔✔three structures between the cochlear |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
nucleus and the auditory cortex, as follows:
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
SON=superior olivary nucleus; |\ |\ |\
IC=inferior colliculus; |\
MG=medial geniculate nucleus. |\ |\
Auditory Scene Analysis |\ |\
The main question concerning auditory scene analysis is:
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
How do we segregate differences in timbre, given -
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔The process by which the sound |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
stimuli produced by different sources in an auditory scene
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
become perceptually organized into sounds at different
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
locations and into separated streams of sound.|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
, the various frequencies of complex tones coming from
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
different instruments are encoded in such a way that the
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
response of the basilar membrane is basically overlapping
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
movement at those frequencies?
|\ |\ |\ |\
Principles of auditory grouping (ASLOPE): location, onset,
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
similarity of timbre and pitch, proximity in time (NOT
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
gestalt), auditory continuity, experience/familiarity -
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\
CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔location - sounds coming from
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
different locations are perceptually separated.
|\ |\ |\ |\
onset - sounds starting at different times likely come from
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
different sources
|\ |\
similarity of timbre and pitch - Sounds that have the same
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
timbre or pitch range are often produced by the same
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
source
proximity in time (NOT gestalt) - Sounds that occur in
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
rapid succession tend to be produced by the same
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
source, or we tend to perceive them as a melody
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
auditory continuity - Sounds that stay consistent or that
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
change smoothly are often produced by the same source
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
