Advanced Pharmacology test 1
Comprehensive Study Guide + Exam
Questions & Solutions Graded A+
Beta lactamase inhibitors - Answer: Clavulanic acid, sublactam,
taxobactam
Unasyn - Answer: Ampicillin and sulbactam
Augmentin - Answer: Amoxicillin clavulanic acid
Hapten - Answer: Drug +plasma protein severe allergic reaction
Mechanisms resistance to beta lactamase - Answer:
Inactivation by beta lactamase, mutation trans peptidase
target, impaired penetration of drug into organism, drug
effluent pumps
MRSA - Answer: Resistant organisms produce PBPs with
decreased affinity for binding beta lactam antibiotics
Impaired penetration of drug into organosm - Answer: Absence
of porins or down regulation of porins or porins smaller
,Drug efflux pumps - Answer: Nonspecific, spit out whatever
bacteria doesn't need, major mechanism MDR
,Prevention of resistance steains - Answer: Testing, choose right
antibiotic, complete course therapy, don't use antibiotic when
not indicated
Mutidrug resistant organisms - Answer: Organisms that are
resistant to 1 or more class of organisms. Drug efflux pumps
Penicillin - Answer: Bactericidal
Penicillin adverse effects - Answer: GI distress, oral/vaginal
candidiasis, rash, anaphylaxis
Cephalosporins - Answer: More stable against beta lactamases,
increased range activity
1st generation cephalosporin - Answer: Cefazolin, cephalexin
G+, susceptible beta lactamase
2,3 generations cephalosporins - Answer: Broader spectrum,
Increase resistance beta lactamase, increase half life, some
cross BBB
, 4,5 generations cephalosporins - Answer: Cefepine, excellent
resistance most beta lactamase, excellent CNS penetration,
ceftaroline against MRSA
Adverse reactions cephalosporins - Answer: Hypersensitivity,
fever, skin rashes, nephritis, granulocytopenia, hemolytic
anemia, anorexia
Cefotetan - Answer: Avoid ETOH! Disulfiram like reaction with
this cephalosporins
Treatment for C diff from broad spectrum cephalosporin -
Answer: Vancomycin, metrondiszole
Example monobactam - Answer: Aztreonam
IV or IM
Active against G neg only
Tolerated by PCN allergic patiemts
Example carbapenem - Answer: Imipenem, IV or IM only
Comprehensive Study Guide + Exam
Questions & Solutions Graded A+
Beta lactamase inhibitors - Answer: Clavulanic acid, sublactam,
taxobactam
Unasyn - Answer: Ampicillin and sulbactam
Augmentin - Answer: Amoxicillin clavulanic acid
Hapten - Answer: Drug +plasma protein severe allergic reaction
Mechanisms resistance to beta lactamase - Answer:
Inactivation by beta lactamase, mutation trans peptidase
target, impaired penetration of drug into organism, drug
effluent pumps
MRSA - Answer: Resistant organisms produce PBPs with
decreased affinity for binding beta lactam antibiotics
Impaired penetration of drug into organosm - Answer: Absence
of porins or down regulation of porins or porins smaller
,Drug efflux pumps - Answer: Nonspecific, spit out whatever
bacteria doesn't need, major mechanism MDR
,Prevention of resistance steains - Answer: Testing, choose right
antibiotic, complete course therapy, don't use antibiotic when
not indicated
Mutidrug resistant organisms - Answer: Organisms that are
resistant to 1 or more class of organisms. Drug efflux pumps
Penicillin - Answer: Bactericidal
Penicillin adverse effects - Answer: GI distress, oral/vaginal
candidiasis, rash, anaphylaxis
Cephalosporins - Answer: More stable against beta lactamases,
increased range activity
1st generation cephalosporin - Answer: Cefazolin, cephalexin
G+, susceptible beta lactamase
2,3 generations cephalosporins - Answer: Broader spectrum,
Increase resistance beta lactamase, increase half life, some
cross BBB
, 4,5 generations cephalosporins - Answer: Cefepine, excellent
resistance most beta lactamase, excellent CNS penetration,
ceftaroline against MRSA
Adverse reactions cephalosporins - Answer: Hypersensitivity,
fever, skin rashes, nephritis, granulocytopenia, hemolytic
anemia, anorexia
Cefotetan - Answer: Avoid ETOH! Disulfiram like reaction with
this cephalosporins
Treatment for C diff from broad spectrum cephalosporin -
Answer: Vancomycin, metrondiszole
Example monobactam - Answer: Aztreonam
IV or IM
Active against G neg only
Tolerated by PCN allergic patiemts
Example carbapenem - Answer: Imipenem, IV or IM only
