NURS 3366 Exam 2 – Inflammation & Immune Response 2026 | Questions &
Verified Answers | Latest Update | Graded A+
Innate resistance? - (ANSWER)natural- mechanisms born with
What are the 1st, 2nd and 3rd lines of defense in innate resistance? - (ANSWER)1st- physical barriers
(skin); immediate & nonspecific
2nd- inflammation; immediate and nonspecific
3rd- Acquired (adaptive) immunity
Acquired (adaptive) immunity - (ANSWER)also the 3rd line of defense
-resist certain disease because of immunocytes
-delayed and specific
What are immunocytes? - (ANSWER)lymphocytes- B and T cells
What is the 1st line of defense and how does it work? - (ANSWER)Skin!
-sweat has antibacterial and antifungal properties
Eye defense? - (ANSWER)1st line of defense
-tears (Sjogren's syndrome) autoimmune that dries up lubricating fluids all over body not just tears
-eyelashes
Respiratory defense? - (ANSWER)mucus in nose traps bacteria
cilia of bronchi cells sweep away foreign bodies
cough reflex
,NURS 3366 Exam 2 – Inflammation & Immune Response 2026 | Questions &
Verified Answers | Latest Update | Graded A+
Gastrointestinal defense? - (ANSWER)-saliva with protective enzymes
-HCl in stomach
gage reflex/vomiting gets rid of injurious agents
-bowels
Genitourinary defense? - (ANSWER)-flow of urine washes away microbes
-vaginal secretions slightly acidic-kills bacteria
What is the second line of defense- inflammation characterized by? - (ANSWER)-swelling
-heat
-erythema (redness)
-pain
-if not enough will bring in 3rd line of defense- acquired immunity
What are B and T cells? - (ANSWER)T lymphocytes- defend body by direct attack against invaders
B lymphocytes- defend body by differentiating into plasma cells, creating antibodies and will now "lay in
wait" and always "remember"
Antigens? - (ANSWER)proteins that can stimulate immunocyte reaction against them
-normal for body to respond to antigens that are foreign to our body, but abnormal to respond to self
antigens
Antibodies? - (ANSWER)IgG, IgA, IgE
,NURS 3366 Exam 2 – Inflammation & Immune Response 2026 | Questions &
Verified Answers | Latest Update | Graded A+
-proteins that respond with specificity according to type of antigen entering body
What is active acquired immunity? - (ANSWER)person own immunocyte system developed the
antibodies that established immunity
Natural active acquired immunity? - (ANSWER)persons plasma cells build up antibodies in response to
microbially-induced sickness
Artificial active acquired immunity? - (ANSWER)persons plasma cells build up antibodies in response to
receiving immunization
booster can be given for MMR because antibodies become weaker over time
Passive acquired immunity? - (ANSWER)given someone elses antibodies and did not develop the
antibodies on their own
Natural passive acquired immunity? - (ANSWER)transfer of antibodies from mom to baby via placenta
(MatAb antibodies cross placental membrane from her blood to fetus and disintegrate by time baby is 2-
3 months old) or breast milk (some MatAbs can transfer during breast feeding but after baby stops
breastfeeding, MatAbs disintegrate)
temporary antibodies!!
Artificial passive acquired immunity? - (ANSWER)antibodies are injected during treatment in
emergencies until active immunity can develop
, NURS 3366 Exam 2 – Inflammation & Immune Response 2026 | Questions &
Verified Answers | Latest Update | Graded A+
ex: TIG (tetanus immunoglobin) given to pt with dirty would who has never had tetanus/has not had
booster in long time
What are advantages and disadvantages of passive immunity? - (ANSWER)advantages:
-powerful to immediately fight disease
-immediately begin attacking microbes
disadvantages:
-only lasts as long as antibody lasts- about 2 weeks
What is the purpose of the inflammatory response? - (ANSWER)facilitate shifting of substances from
blood into injured/irritated tissues to:
-clean up healing area, begin clotting process and promote healing
-stimulate enhanced immunocyte response as needed
Step 1 of inflammatory response? - (ANSWER)Leakiness in 3 ways
1- irritated/injured cells that makeup tissues undergo disruption to metabolic pathway--loss of cell
membrane integrity--leakage of fluid in area
2- mast cell degranulation occurs (tissue in body made up of mast cells)--stimulated by injury- will
degranulate and LEAK chemical "granules"-- local inflammatory mediators (leukotrienes, histamine,
prostaglandins)
3-cause capillaries in area to swell up and vasodilate (relax) and more permeable so leak plasma from
blood to tissue and this leaking plasma contains neutrophils, clotting factors and fibring
Verified Answers | Latest Update | Graded A+
Innate resistance? - (ANSWER)natural- mechanisms born with
What are the 1st, 2nd and 3rd lines of defense in innate resistance? - (ANSWER)1st- physical barriers
(skin); immediate & nonspecific
2nd- inflammation; immediate and nonspecific
3rd- Acquired (adaptive) immunity
Acquired (adaptive) immunity - (ANSWER)also the 3rd line of defense
-resist certain disease because of immunocytes
-delayed and specific
What are immunocytes? - (ANSWER)lymphocytes- B and T cells
What is the 1st line of defense and how does it work? - (ANSWER)Skin!
-sweat has antibacterial and antifungal properties
Eye defense? - (ANSWER)1st line of defense
-tears (Sjogren's syndrome) autoimmune that dries up lubricating fluids all over body not just tears
-eyelashes
Respiratory defense? - (ANSWER)mucus in nose traps bacteria
cilia of bronchi cells sweep away foreign bodies
cough reflex
,NURS 3366 Exam 2 – Inflammation & Immune Response 2026 | Questions &
Verified Answers | Latest Update | Graded A+
Gastrointestinal defense? - (ANSWER)-saliva with protective enzymes
-HCl in stomach
gage reflex/vomiting gets rid of injurious agents
-bowels
Genitourinary defense? - (ANSWER)-flow of urine washes away microbes
-vaginal secretions slightly acidic-kills bacteria
What is the second line of defense- inflammation characterized by? - (ANSWER)-swelling
-heat
-erythema (redness)
-pain
-if not enough will bring in 3rd line of defense- acquired immunity
What are B and T cells? - (ANSWER)T lymphocytes- defend body by direct attack against invaders
B lymphocytes- defend body by differentiating into plasma cells, creating antibodies and will now "lay in
wait" and always "remember"
Antigens? - (ANSWER)proteins that can stimulate immunocyte reaction against them
-normal for body to respond to antigens that are foreign to our body, but abnormal to respond to self
antigens
Antibodies? - (ANSWER)IgG, IgA, IgE
,NURS 3366 Exam 2 – Inflammation & Immune Response 2026 | Questions &
Verified Answers | Latest Update | Graded A+
-proteins that respond with specificity according to type of antigen entering body
What is active acquired immunity? - (ANSWER)person own immunocyte system developed the
antibodies that established immunity
Natural active acquired immunity? - (ANSWER)persons plasma cells build up antibodies in response to
microbially-induced sickness
Artificial active acquired immunity? - (ANSWER)persons plasma cells build up antibodies in response to
receiving immunization
booster can be given for MMR because antibodies become weaker over time
Passive acquired immunity? - (ANSWER)given someone elses antibodies and did not develop the
antibodies on their own
Natural passive acquired immunity? - (ANSWER)transfer of antibodies from mom to baby via placenta
(MatAb antibodies cross placental membrane from her blood to fetus and disintegrate by time baby is 2-
3 months old) or breast milk (some MatAbs can transfer during breast feeding but after baby stops
breastfeeding, MatAbs disintegrate)
temporary antibodies!!
Artificial passive acquired immunity? - (ANSWER)antibodies are injected during treatment in
emergencies until active immunity can develop
, NURS 3366 Exam 2 – Inflammation & Immune Response 2026 | Questions &
Verified Answers | Latest Update | Graded A+
ex: TIG (tetanus immunoglobin) given to pt with dirty would who has never had tetanus/has not had
booster in long time
What are advantages and disadvantages of passive immunity? - (ANSWER)advantages:
-powerful to immediately fight disease
-immediately begin attacking microbes
disadvantages:
-only lasts as long as antibody lasts- about 2 weeks
What is the purpose of the inflammatory response? - (ANSWER)facilitate shifting of substances from
blood into injured/irritated tissues to:
-clean up healing area, begin clotting process and promote healing
-stimulate enhanced immunocyte response as needed
Step 1 of inflammatory response? - (ANSWER)Leakiness in 3 ways
1- irritated/injured cells that makeup tissues undergo disruption to metabolic pathway--loss of cell
membrane integrity--leakage of fluid in area
2- mast cell degranulation occurs (tissue in body made up of mast cells)--stimulated by injury- will
degranulate and LEAK chemical "granules"-- local inflammatory mediators (leukotrienes, histamine,
prostaglandins)
3-cause capillaries in area to swell up and vasodilate (relax) and more permeable so leak plasma from
blood to tissue and this leaking plasma contains neutrophils, clotting factors and fibring
