HRM 402 FINAL QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED
ANSWERS
Describe the systems model of training and development. - Answers - o Assessment
phase
o Training and development phase
o Evaluation phase
Assessment phase - Answers - assessing the training needs and resources, identifying
training and objectives, and developing criteria
Training and development phase - Answers - pretest for trainees, selection of training
methods and learning principles, and the training itself.
Evaluation phase - Answers - - training is monitored, and training outcomes are
compared against criteria in order to provide feedback
Explain how to perform a training needs assessment. - Answers - - Organizational
analysis
- Task analysis
- Individual analysis
Organizational analysis - Answers - - examines problems of an organization and where
they are located.
o Specific areas that need to be examined are organizational-effectiveness indices, HR
succession planning, and the organizational climate
§ How well the organization is achieving its goals
Task analysis - Answers - - lists different tasks an employee performs and identifies the
kinds of skills and behaviors required to perform them
§ The skills needed by the work force to accomplish these goals
Individual analysis - Answers - - how well individual employees are performing their
jobs. Training should be for those who need it.
§ The strengths and weaknesses of the current employees
Describe the key concepts of learning theory and recognize their application (classical
conditioning, operant conditioning, social cognitive theory). - Answers - - Classical
conditioning
,- Operant conditioning
- Social cognitive theory
Classical conditioning - - Answers - connecting or paring a neutral stimulus with a
reflexive response
o Food causes salivation
o Stress causes blood pressure to rise
Operant conditioning - Answers - focuses on learning voluntary behaviors that are under
the control of the muscle system of the body.
o Individuals learn to emit certain behaviors because they are rewarded by the
environment
Examples from class:
Example: Prof. Reeves' undergrad class would be a bit disruptive if their professor
moved to one side of the classroom, and thereby trained her to stay in one side and not
move to the other.
Example in the workplace: pay for performance
Social cognitive theory - Answers - learning is influenced by what is reinforced, either
extrinsically or through self-administered reinforcement, especially the anticipation of
future rewards. The environment influences individual behavior, but individuals influence
their environment.
Learning through the consequences of behaviors by way of the observation of others
Behaviors that are rewarded are more likely to occur in the future
Responses that are punished will be terminated.
Behavior is influenced by the environment and at the same time the environment is
influenced by the behavior this is called reciprocal determinism
Explain how to write effective learning objectives. - Answers - As a result of this training,
the learner should be able to ___.
o Performance - what the trainee is expected to do
o Condition - important circumstances under which the performance is to occur
o Criteria - description of acceptable performance in a quantifiable and objective way
, List and explain the benefits of various on- and off-the-job training methods - Answers -
On vs Off
ON= practical practice, no equipment, immediate transfer of learning
OFF = supplemental, long term development, encouraging reflective thought and new
ideas. However, often not immediately applicable/hands-on
On the Job: - Answers - Job Instruction Training (JIT)
Accurate and immediate feedback
Demonstration of exactly how to do it
Apprenticeships
Customizable to the individual
Allows an early salary while still learning
Internships/Assistantships
College credit/cooperative education
Returnships
Get them up to speed from where they left off before leaving the workforce
Job Rotation and Cross Training
Increased skills, more productive, more flexible
Disadvantages: employee can feel temporary, more orientations = more lost time
Action Learning: Project Assignments and Committee Assignment
Learn by doing
Coaching and Counseling
Feedback, encouragement, explanations
Off the Job: - Answers - Independent Study
Train yourself through technology, classes, google, asking coworkers
Corporate Universities
Company trainers, executives, online classes
Vestibule Training
Occurs in a separate training area like the actual production area
Great because it closely simulates the work environment
Lecture
Case Studies
ANSWERS
Describe the systems model of training and development. - Answers - o Assessment
phase
o Training and development phase
o Evaluation phase
Assessment phase - Answers - assessing the training needs and resources, identifying
training and objectives, and developing criteria
Training and development phase - Answers - pretest for trainees, selection of training
methods and learning principles, and the training itself.
Evaluation phase - Answers - - training is monitored, and training outcomes are
compared against criteria in order to provide feedback
Explain how to perform a training needs assessment. - Answers - - Organizational
analysis
- Task analysis
- Individual analysis
Organizational analysis - Answers - - examines problems of an organization and where
they are located.
o Specific areas that need to be examined are organizational-effectiveness indices, HR
succession planning, and the organizational climate
§ How well the organization is achieving its goals
Task analysis - Answers - - lists different tasks an employee performs and identifies the
kinds of skills and behaviors required to perform them
§ The skills needed by the work force to accomplish these goals
Individual analysis - Answers - - how well individual employees are performing their
jobs. Training should be for those who need it.
§ The strengths and weaknesses of the current employees
Describe the key concepts of learning theory and recognize their application (classical
conditioning, operant conditioning, social cognitive theory). - Answers - - Classical
conditioning
,- Operant conditioning
- Social cognitive theory
Classical conditioning - - Answers - connecting or paring a neutral stimulus with a
reflexive response
o Food causes salivation
o Stress causes blood pressure to rise
Operant conditioning - Answers - focuses on learning voluntary behaviors that are under
the control of the muscle system of the body.
o Individuals learn to emit certain behaviors because they are rewarded by the
environment
Examples from class:
Example: Prof. Reeves' undergrad class would be a bit disruptive if their professor
moved to one side of the classroom, and thereby trained her to stay in one side and not
move to the other.
Example in the workplace: pay for performance
Social cognitive theory - Answers - learning is influenced by what is reinforced, either
extrinsically or through self-administered reinforcement, especially the anticipation of
future rewards. The environment influences individual behavior, but individuals influence
their environment.
Learning through the consequences of behaviors by way of the observation of others
Behaviors that are rewarded are more likely to occur in the future
Responses that are punished will be terminated.
Behavior is influenced by the environment and at the same time the environment is
influenced by the behavior this is called reciprocal determinism
Explain how to write effective learning objectives. - Answers - As a result of this training,
the learner should be able to ___.
o Performance - what the trainee is expected to do
o Condition - important circumstances under which the performance is to occur
o Criteria - description of acceptable performance in a quantifiable and objective way
, List and explain the benefits of various on- and off-the-job training methods - Answers -
On vs Off
ON= practical practice, no equipment, immediate transfer of learning
OFF = supplemental, long term development, encouraging reflective thought and new
ideas. However, often not immediately applicable/hands-on
On the Job: - Answers - Job Instruction Training (JIT)
Accurate and immediate feedback
Demonstration of exactly how to do it
Apprenticeships
Customizable to the individual
Allows an early salary while still learning
Internships/Assistantships
College credit/cooperative education
Returnships
Get them up to speed from where they left off before leaving the workforce
Job Rotation and Cross Training
Increased skills, more productive, more flexible
Disadvantages: employee can feel temporary, more orientations = more lost time
Action Learning: Project Assignments and Committee Assignment
Learn by doing
Coaching and Counseling
Feedback, encouragement, explanations
Off the Job: - Answers - Independent Study
Train yourself through technology, classes, google, asking coworkers
Corporate Universities
Company trainers, executives, online classes
Vestibule Training
Occurs in a separate training area like the actual production area
Great because it closely simulates the work environment
Lecture
Case Studies
