BIO 252
BIO 252 Human Anatomy & Physiology II
Final Exam UNC BIOL
252 Lab Exam 1 Prep Guide – Complete Study
Questions, Verified Solutions, and 2026
Updates
vertebral foramen - answ✔️💜💜💜✔️canal through which spinal cord passes
vertebral canal - answ✔️💜💜💜✔️formed by vertebral column and contains spinal cord
and the beginnings of spinal nerves
cervical enlargement - answ✔️💜💜💜✔️supplies nerves to the shoulder and upper limbs
lumbar enlargement - answ✔️💜💜💜✔️nerves to pelvic region and lower limbs
spinal nerves - answ✔️💜💜💜✔️31 pairs of nerves arising from the spinal cord
conus medularis - answ✔️💜💜💜✔️The cone-shaped termination of the spinal cord
cauda equina - answ✔️💜💜💜✔️collection of lumbar sacral, and coccygeal spinal nerves
below the end of the spinal cord
filum terminale - answ✔️💜💜💜✔️extension of pia mater that anchors the spinal cord to
the coccyx
C1-C8 nerves are named according to vertebrae (inferior or superior) to the nerve -
answ✔️💜💜💜✔️inferior
BIO 252 Human Anatomy & Physiology II Final Exam UNC BIOL 252 Lab Exam 1 Prep Guide – Complete Study
Questions, Verified Solutions, and 2026 Updates
,BIO 252
For all spinal nerves outside of C1-C8, they are named according to the the
(superior or inferior) vertebrae - answ✔️💜💜💜✔️superior
The end of the spinal cord only extends to which vertebra? - answ✔️💜💜💜✔️L1
dermatome - answ✔️💜💜💜✔️Area of skin supplied by a single pair of spinal nerves
Meninges - answ✔️💜💜💜✔️cover and protect the brain and spinal cord
dura mater - answ✔️💜💜💜✔️thick, outermost layer of the meninges surrounding and
protecting the brain and spinal cord
epidural space - answ✔️💜💜💜✔️fat-filled space surrounding the dura mater that is the
common site of injection for anesthetic
arachnoid mater - answ✔️💜💜💜✔️middle layer of the meninges
subarachnoid space - answ✔️💜💜💜✔️a space in the meninges beneath the arachnoid
membrane and above the pia mater that contains the cerebrospinal fluid
pia mater - answ✔️💜💜💜✔️Innermost layer of the meninges
denticulate ligaments - answ✔️💜💜💜✔️20 pairs of lateral projections that anchor the
spinal cord to the dura mater and limit the movement of the spinal cord
filum terminale - answ✔️💜💜💜✔️the continuation of the pia mater past the conus
medularis that anchors the end of the spinal cord to the sacrum
central canal - answ✔️💜💜💜✔️the canal of the spinal cord that runs through the center
and connects the ventricles of the brain; filled with cerebrospinal fluid
BIO 252 Human Anatomy & Physiology II Final Exam UNC BIOL 252 Lab Exam 1 Prep Guide – Complete Study
Questions, Verified Solutions, and 2026 Updates
,BIO 252
white matter - answ✔️💜💜💜✔️outer region of the spinal cord that contains myelinated
axons
gray matter - answ✔️💜💜💜✔️the cell bodies of neurons and their synapses with other
neurons
somatic neurons have terminals in the: - answ✔️💜💜💜✔️skin, skeletal muscles, or
bones
visceral neurons have terminals in: - answ✔️💜💜💜✔️smooth muscles, cardiac muscles,
glands, or other viscera within body cavities
the two categories of peripheral nervous system neurons - answ✔️💜💜💜✔️motor or
sensory
motor neurons bring signals from ________ to the __________ - answ✔️💜💜💜✔️spinal cord;
muscles and glands of the body
sensory neurons bring information into the ___________ from the ________ - answ✔️💜💜💜
✔️spinal cord; skin and other organs
dorsal horn - answ✔️💜💜💜✔️the cell bodies here are interneurons that receive
connections from sensory neurons
the dorsal-most region of the dorsal horn receives ____________________ neurons from
the
_________________ - answ✔️💜💜💜✔️somatic sensory; skin, skeletal muscles, and bones
the region of the dorsal horn closest to the center of the spinal cord contains
interneurons that receive connections from _______________________ neurons from
__________________ - answ✔️💜💜💜✔️visceral sensory; organs within body cavities
lateral horn - answ✔️💜💜💜✔️contains cell bodies for visceral motor neurons
BIO 252 Human Anatomy & Physiology II Final Exam UNC BIOL 252 Lab Exam 1 Prep Guide – Complete Study
Questions, Verified Solutions, and 2026 Updates
, BIO 252
the visceral motor neurons within the lateral horn send signals to
___________________ - answ✔️💜💜💜✔️smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands
ventral horn - answ✔️💜💜💜✔️contains cell bodies for somatic motor neurons
somatic motor neurons send signals to: - answ✔️💜💜💜✔️skeletal muscle
descending pathways - answ✔️💜💜💜✔️the systems of neurons that bring information
from the brain down to the appropriate muscle or gland of the body
corticospinal tract - answ✔️💜💜💜✔️information travels from the cortex to the spinal
cord via two neurons
the upper motor neuron of the corticospinal tract travels within the __________ and is
an
_________________ of the CNS - answ✔️💜💜💜✔️corticospinal tract; interneuron
the lower motor neuron of the corticospinal tract travels with the ____________ and
eventually reaches its _________________ - answ✔️💜💜💜✔️spinal nerve; skeletal muscle
target
ascending pathways - answ✔️💜💜💜✔️The systems of neurons that bring information up
to the brain. Signals travel along three neurons. An example is the spinothalamic
tract.
1st order neuron - answ✔️💜💜💜✔️the sensory neuron extends from the source of the
stimulus to the dorsal horn where it synapses with a 2nd order neuron
2nd order neuron - answ✔️💜💜💜✔️this interneuron crosses to the other side of the
spinal cord and then its axon enters the white matter. from the white matter, the
axon occupies the spinothalamic tract until reaching its snaps (sensory nerve action
potential) in the thalamus
BIO 252 Human Anatomy & Physiology II Final Exam UNC BIOL 252 Lab Exam 1 Prep Guide – Complete Study
Questions, Verified Solutions, and 2026 Updates
BIO 252 Human Anatomy & Physiology II
Final Exam UNC BIOL
252 Lab Exam 1 Prep Guide – Complete Study
Questions, Verified Solutions, and 2026
Updates
vertebral foramen - answ✔️💜💜💜✔️canal through which spinal cord passes
vertebral canal - answ✔️💜💜💜✔️formed by vertebral column and contains spinal cord
and the beginnings of spinal nerves
cervical enlargement - answ✔️💜💜💜✔️supplies nerves to the shoulder and upper limbs
lumbar enlargement - answ✔️💜💜💜✔️nerves to pelvic region and lower limbs
spinal nerves - answ✔️💜💜💜✔️31 pairs of nerves arising from the spinal cord
conus medularis - answ✔️💜💜💜✔️The cone-shaped termination of the spinal cord
cauda equina - answ✔️💜💜💜✔️collection of lumbar sacral, and coccygeal spinal nerves
below the end of the spinal cord
filum terminale - answ✔️💜💜💜✔️extension of pia mater that anchors the spinal cord to
the coccyx
C1-C8 nerves are named according to vertebrae (inferior or superior) to the nerve -
answ✔️💜💜💜✔️inferior
BIO 252 Human Anatomy & Physiology II Final Exam UNC BIOL 252 Lab Exam 1 Prep Guide – Complete Study
Questions, Verified Solutions, and 2026 Updates
,BIO 252
For all spinal nerves outside of C1-C8, they are named according to the the
(superior or inferior) vertebrae - answ✔️💜💜💜✔️superior
The end of the spinal cord only extends to which vertebra? - answ✔️💜💜💜✔️L1
dermatome - answ✔️💜💜💜✔️Area of skin supplied by a single pair of spinal nerves
Meninges - answ✔️💜💜💜✔️cover and protect the brain and spinal cord
dura mater - answ✔️💜💜💜✔️thick, outermost layer of the meninges surrounding and
protecting the brain and spinal cord
epidural space - answ✔️💜💜💜✔️fat-filled space surrounding the dura mater that is the
common site of injection for anesthetic
arachnoid mater - answ✔️💜💜💜✔️middle layer of the meninges
subarachnoid space - answ✔️💜💜💜✔️a space in the meninges beneath the arachnoid
membrane and above the pia mater that contains the cerebrospinal fluid
pia mater - answ✔️💜💜💜✔️Innermost layer of the meninges
denticulate ligaments - answ✔️💜💜💜✔️20 pairs of lateral projections that anchor the
spinal cord to the dura mater and limit the movement of the spinal cord
filum terminale - answ✔️💜💜💜✔️the continuation of the pia mater past the conus
medularis that anchors the end of the spinal cord to the sacrum
central canal - answ✔️💜💜💜✔️the canal of the spinal cord that runs through the center
and connects the ventricles of the brain; filled with cerebrospinal fluid
BIO 252 Human Anatomy & Physiology II Final Exam UNC BIOL 252 Lab Exam 1 Prep Guide – Complete Study
Questions, Verified Solutions, and 2026 Updates
,BIO 252
white matter - answ✔️💜💜💜✔️outer region of the spinal cord that contains myelinated
axons
gray matter - answ✔️💜💜💜✔️the cell bodies of neurons and their synapses with other
neurons
somatic neurons have terminals in the: - answ✔️💜💜💜✔️skin, skeletal muscles, or
bones
visceral neurons have terminals in: - answ✔️💜💜💜✔️smooth muscles, cardiac muscles,
glands, or other viscera within body cavities
the two categories of peripheral nervous system neurons - answ✔️💜💜💜✔️motor or
sensory
motor neurons bring signals from ________ to the __________ - answ✔️💜💜💜✔️spinal cord;
muscles and glands of the body
sensory neurons bring information into the ___________ from the ________ - answ✔️💜💜💜
✔️spinal cord; skin and other organs
dorsal horn - answ✔️💜💜💜✔️the cell bodies here are interneurons that receive
connections from sensory neurons
the dorsal-most region of the dorsal horn receives ____________________ neurons from
the
_________________ - answ✔️💜💜💜✔️somatic sensory; skin, skeletal muscles, and bones
the region of the dorsal horn closest to the center of the spinal cord contains
interneurons that receive connections from _______________________ neurons from
__________________ - answ✔️💜💜💜✔️visceral sensory; organs within body cavities
lateral horn - answ✔️💜💜💜✔️contains cell bodies for visceral motor neurons
BIO 252 Human Anatomy & Physiology II Final Exam UNC BIOL 252 Lab Exam 1 Prep Guide – Complete Study
Questions, Verified Solutions, and 2026 Updates
, BIO 252
the visceral motor neurons within the lateral horn send signals to
___________________ - answ✔️💜💜💜✔️smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands
ventral horn - answ✔️💜💜💜✔️contains cell bodies for somatic motor neurons
somatic motor neurons send signals to: - answ✔️💜💜💜✔️skeletal muscle
descending pathways - answ✔️💜💜💜✔️the systems of neurons that bring information
from the brain down to the appropriate muscle or gland of the body
corticospinal tract - answ✔️💜💜💜✔️information travels from the cortex to the spinal
cord via two neurons
the upper motor neuron of the corticospinal tract travels within the __________ and is
an
_________________ of the CNS - answ✔️💜💜💜✔️corticospinal tract; interneuron
the lower motor neuron of the corticospinal tract travels with the ____________ and
eventually reaches its _________________ - answ✔️💜💜💜✔️spinal nerve; skeletal muscle
target
ascending pathways - answ✔️💜💜💜✔️The systems of neurons that bring information up
to the brain. Signals travel along three neurons. An example is the spinothalamic
tract.
1st order neuron - answ✔️💜💜💜✔️the sensory neuron extends from the source of the
stimulus to the dorsal horn where it synapses with a 2nd order neuron
2nd order neuron - answ✔️💜💜💜✔️this interneuron crosses to the other side of the
spinal cord and then its axon enters the white matter. from the white matter, the
axon occupies the spinothalamic tract until reaching its snaps (sensory nerve action
potential) in the thalamus
BIO 252 Human Anatomy & Physiology II Final Exam UNC BIOL 252 Lab Exam 1 Prep Guide – Complete Study
Questions, Verified Solutions, and 2026 Updates
