Exam 1: NSG4100 / NSG 4100 (2026 / 2027 Edition) Nursing Practice – Adult Health III | 100% Correct Questions & Answers - Galen

Exam 1: NSG4100 / NSG 4100 (2026 / 2027 Edition) Nursing Practice – Adult Health III | 100% Correct Questions & Answers - Galen The nurse is assessing a client suspected of having developed acute glomerulonephritis. The nurse should expect to address what clinical manifestation that is characteristic of this health problem? A. Hematuria B. Precipitous decrease in serum creatinine levels C. Hypotension unresolved by fluid administration D. Glucosuria A. Hematuria The nurse is caring for an acutely ill client. What assessment finding should prompt the nurse to inform the health care provider that the client may be exhibiting signs of acute kidney injury (AKI)? A. An inability to initiate voiding for 2 days. B. The urine is cloudy and has visible sediment with a foul odor. C. Average urine output has been 10 mL/hr for several hours. D. Client reports left-sided flank pain. C. Average urine output has been 10 mL/hr for several hours. The nurse is caring for a client with a history of systemic lupus erythematosus who has been recently diagnosed with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). The client has an elevated phosphorus level and has been prescribed calcium acetate to bind the phosphorus. The nurse should teach the client to take the prescribed medication at what time? A. Only when needed B. Daily at bedtime C. First thing in the morning D. With each meal D. With each meal The nurse is working on the renal transplant unit. To reduce the risk of infection in a client with a transplanted kidney, it is imperative for the nurse to take what action? A. Wash hands carefully and frequently. B. Ensure immediate function of the donated kidney. C. Instruct the client to wear a face mask. D. Bar visitors from the client's room. A. Wash hands carefully and frequently. The nurse is caring for a client receiving hemodialysis three times weekly. The client has had surgery to form an arteriovenous fistula. What is most important for the nurse to be aware of when providing care for this client? A. Using a stethoscope for auscultating the fistula is contraindicated B. The client feels best immediately after the dialysis treatment C. Taking a BP reading on the affected arm can damage the fistula D. The client should not feel pain during initiation of dialysis C. Taking a BP reading on the affected arm can damage the fistula A client has a glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of 43 mL/min/1.73 m?. Based on this GFR, the nurse interprets that the client's chronic kidney disease is at what stage? A. Stage 1 B. Stage 2 C. Stage 3 D. Stage 4 C. Stage 3 An inpatient client with acute kidney injury (AKI) has moderate edema to both legs. What resulting skin conditions would increase the client's likelihood of skin breakdown? Select all that apply. A. Atopic dermatitis B. Pruritus C. Psoriasis D. Urticaria E. Excoriation B. Pruritus E. Excoriation A client admitted with nephrotic syndrome is being cared for on the medical unit. When writing this client's care plan, based on the major clinical manifestation of nephrotic syndrome, what nursing diagnosis should the nurse include? A. Constipation related to immobility B. Risk for injury related to altered thought processes C. Hyperthermia related to the inflammatory process D. Excess fluid volume related to generalized edema D. Excess fluid volume related to generalized edema The nurse coming on shift on the medical unit is taking a report on four clients. What client does the nurse know is at the greatest risk of developing ESKD? A. A client with a history of polycystic kidney disease B. A client with diabetes mellitus and poorly controlled hypertension C. A client who is morbidly obese with a history of vascular disorders D. A client with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease B. A client with diabetes mellitus and poorly controlled hypertension The nurse is caring for a client postoperative day 4 following a kidney transplant. When assessing for potential signs and symptoms of rejection, what assessment should the nurse prioritize? A. Assessment of the quantity of the client's urine output B. Assessment of the client's incision C. Assessment of the client's abdominal girth D. Assessment for flank or abdominal pain A. Assessment of the quantity of the client's urine output The nurse is caring for a client in acute kidney injury (AKI). Which complication would most clearly warrant the administration of polystyrene sulfonate? A. Hypernatremia B. Hypomagnesemia C. Hyperkalemia D. Hypercalcemia C. Hyperkalemia The nurse is caring for a client whose acute kidney injury (AKI) resulted from a prerenal cause. Which condition most likely caused this client's health problem? A. Burns B. Glomerulonephritis C. Ureterolithiasis D. Pregnancy A. Burns A client with diabetic nephropathy has end-stage renal disease and is starting dialysis. What should the nurse teach the client about hemodialysis? A. "Hemodialysis is a treatment option that is usually required three times a week." B. "Hemodialysis is a program that will require you to commit to daily treatment." C. "This will require you to have surgery and a catheter will need to be inserted into your abdomen." D. "Hemodialysis is a treatment that is used for a few months until your kidney heals and starts to produce urine again." A. "Hemodialysis is a treatment option that is usually required three times a week." A client with end-stage renal disease receives continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. The nurse observes that the dialysate drainage fluid is cloudy. What is the nurse's most appropriate action? A. Inform the health care provider and assess the client for signs of infection. B. Flush the peritoneal catheter with normal saline. C. Remove the catheter promptly and have the catheter tip cultured. D. Administer a bolus of IV normal saline as prescribed. A. Inform the health care provider and assess the client for signs of infection. . The nurse is planning client teaching for a client with end-stage kidney disease who is scheduled for the creation of a fistula. The nurse should teach the client what information about the fistula? A. "A vein and an artery in your arm will be attached surgically." B. "The arm should be immobilized for 4 to 6 days." C. "One needle will be inserted into the fistula for each dialysis treatment." D. "The fistula can be used 5 to 7 days after the surgery for dialysis treatment." A. "A vein and an artery in your arm will be attached surgically." A client with end-stage kidney disease is scheduled to begin hemodialysis. The nurse is working with the client to adapt the client's diet to maximize the therapeutic effect and minimize the risks of complications. The client's diet should include which of the following modifications? Select all that apply. A. Decreased protein intake B. Decreased sodium intake C. Increased potassium intake D. Fluid restriction E. Vitamin D supplementation A. Decreased protein intake B. Decreased sodium intake D. Fluid restriction A client is scheduled for a CT scan of the abdomen with contrast. The client has a baseline creatinine level of 2.3 mg/dL (203 [mol/L). In preparing this client for the procedure, the nurse anticipates what orders? A. Monitor the client's electrolyte values every hour before the procedure. B. Provide adequate hydration before the procedure C. Start hemodialysis immediately prior to the CT scan D. Obtain a creatinine clearance by collecting a 24-hour urine specimen. B. Provide adequate hydration before the procedure A client is admitted to the ICU after a motor vehicle accident. On the second day of the hospital admission, the client develops acute kidney injury. The client is hemodynamically unstable, and renal replacement therapy is needed to manage the client's hypervolemia and hyperkalemia. Which of the following therapies will the client's hemodynamic status best tolerate? A. Hemodialysis B. Peritoneal dialysis C. Continuous venovenous hemodialysis (CVVHD) D. Plasmapheresis C. Continuous venovenous hemodialysis (CVVHD) A client has presented with signs and symptoms that are characteristic of acute kidney injury, but preliminary assessment reveals no obvious risk factors for this health problem. The nurse should recognize the need to interview the client about what priority topic? A. Typical diet B. Allergy status C. Psychosocial stressors D. Current medication use D. Current medication use An older adult client diagnosed with cancer is admitted to the oncology unit for surgical treatment. The client has been on chemotherapeutic agents to decrease tumor size prior to the planned surgery. The nurse caring for the client is aware that what precipitating factors in this client may contribute to acute kidney injury (AKI)? Select all that apply. A. Anxiety and agitation B. Low body mass index (BMI) C. Age-related physiologic changes D. Chronic systemic disease E. Nothing by mouth (NPO) status C. Age-related physiologic changes D. Chronic systemic disease E. Nothing by mouth (NPO) status A client is being treated for AKI and the client daily weights have been ordered. The nurse notes a weight gain of 3 pounds (1.4 kg) over the past 48 hours. What nursing diagnosis is suggested by this assessment finding? A. Imbalanced nutrition: More than body requirements B. Excess fluid volume C. Sedentary lifestyle D. Adult failure to thrive B. Excess fluid volume A 15-year-old is admitted to the renal unit with a diagnosis of postinfectious glomerular disease. The nurse should recognize that this form of kidney disease may have been precipitated by what event? A. Psychosocial stress B. Hypersensitivity to an immunization C. Menarche D. Streptococcal infection D. Streptococcal infection A client on the medical unit has a documented history of polycystic kidney disease (PKD). What principle should guide the nurse's care of this client? A. The disease is self-limiting and cysts usually resolve spontaneously in the fifth or sixth decade of life. B. The client's disease is incurable and the nurse's interventions will be supportive. C. The client will eventually require surgical removal of his or her renal cysts. D. The client is likely to respond favorably to lithotripsy treatment of the cysts. B. The client's disease is incurable and the nurse's interventions will be supportive. The nurse is providing a health education workshop to a group of adults focusing on cancer prevention. The nurse should emphasize what action in order to reduce participants risks of renal carcinoma? A. Avoiding heavy alcohol use B. Control of sodium intake C. Smoking cessation D. Adherence to recommended immunization schedules C. Smoking cessation The nurse performing the health interview of a client with a new onset of periorbital edema has completed a genogram, noting the health history of the client's siblings, parents, and grandparents. This assessment addresses the client's risk of what kidney disorder? A. Nephritic syndrome B. Acute glomerulonephritis C. Nephrotic syndrome D. Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) D. Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) A client is brought to the renal unit from the PACU status postresection of a renal tumor. Which of the following nursing actions should the nurse prioritize in the care of this client? A. Increasing oral intake B. Managing postoperative pain C. Managing dialysis D. Increasing mobility B. Managing postoperative pain A nurse is caring for a client who is in the diuresis phase of acute kidney injury. The nurse should closely monitor the client for what complication during this phase? A. Hypokalemia B. Hypocalcemia C. Dehydration D. Acute flank pain C. Dehydration The nurse is caring for a client's status after a motor vehicle accident. The client has developed AKI. What are the nurse's roles in caring for this client? Select all that apply. A. Providing emotional support for the family B. Monitoring for complications C. Participating in emergency treatment of fluid and electrolyte imbalances D. Providing nursing care for primary disorder (trauma) E. Directing nutritional interventions A. Providing emotional support for the family B. Monitoring for complications C. Participating in emergency treatment of fluid and electrolyte imbalances D. Providing nursing care for primary disorder (trauma) A 76-year-old client with ESKD has been told by the health care provider that it is time to consider hemodialysis until a transplant can be found. The client tells the nurse about feeling unsure about undergoing a kidney transplant. What would be an appropriate response for the nurse to make? A. "The decision is certainly yours to make, but be sure not to make a mistake." B. "Kidney transplants in peoples your age are as successful as they are in younger clients." C. "I understand your hesitancy to commit to a transplant surgery. Success is relatively rare." D. "Have you talked this over with your family?" B. "Kidney transplants in peoples your age are as successful as they are in younger clients." The nurse has identified the nursing diagnosis of "Risk for Infection" in a client who undergoes peritoneal dialysis. What nursing action best addresses this risk? A. Maintain aseptic technique when administering dialysate. B. Wash the skin surrounding the catheter site with soap and water prior to each exchange. C. Add antibiotics to the dialysate as prescribed. D. Administer prophylactic antibiotics by mouth or IV as prescribed. A. Maintain aseptic technique when administering dialysate. The nurse is caring for a client who has returned to the postsurgical suite after postanesthetic recovery from a nephrectomy. The nurse's most recent assessment reveals increased sedation, shortness of breath, hypotension, and low urine output over the last 2 hours. What is the nurse's best response? A. Assess the client for signs of bleeding and inform the primary provider. B. Perform a full neurological assessment and notify the primary care provider. C. Increase the frequency of taking vital signs, monitor urine output, and notify the provider. D. Palpate the client's torso bilaterally for flank pain and notify the primary care provider. A. Assess the client for signs of bleeding and inform the primary provider. The critical care nurse is monitoring the client's urine output and drains following renal surgery. What should the nurse promptly report to the primary care provider? A. Increased pain on movement B. Absence of drain output C. Increased urine output D. Blood-tinged serosanguineous drain output B. Absence of drain output The nurse is creating an education plan for a client who underwent a nephrectomy for the treatment of a renal tumor. What should the nurse include in the teaching plan? A. The importance of increased fluid intake B. Signs and symptoms of rejection C. Inspection and care of the incision D. Techniques for preventing metastasis C. Inspection and care of the incision A client with end stage renal disease (ESKD) is being treated for a right ankle fracture unrelated to a fall. The client's lab values show high phosphate levels, low calcium levels, and low vitamin D levels. What is the most likely reason for this client's fracture? A. Osteoporosis B. Codman triangle C. Hypertrophic osteoarthropathy D. Renal osteodystrophy D. Renal osteodystrophy The nurse is caring for a client who has just returned to the postsurgical unit following renal surgery. When assessing the client's output from surgical drains, the nurse should physically assess what parameter(s)? Select all that apply. A. Quantity of output B. Color of the output C. Visible characteristics of the output D. Specific gravity of the output E. Potential hydrogen (PH) of the output A. Quantity of output B. Color of the output C. Visible characteristics of the output The nurse is caring for a client after kidney surgery. When assessing for bleeding, what assessment parameter should the nurse evaluate? A. Oral intake B. Pain intensity C. Level of consciousness D. Radiation of pain C. Level of consciousness A nurse is providing education to the family of a client beginning peritoneal dialysis. The family ask questions concerning catheter placement and stabilization. Which information will the nurse provide about the cuffs? Select all that apply. A. The cuffs are constructed of Dacron polyester material. B. The cuffs will help stabilize the catheter. C. The cuffs prevent the dialysate from leaking. D. The cuffs provide a barrier against microorganisms. E. The cuffs will absorb the dialysate. A. The cuffs are constructed of Dacron polyester material. B. The cuffs will help stabilize the catheter. C. The cuffs prevent the dialysate from leaking. D. The cuffs provide a barrier against microorganisms. A client with chronic kidney disease is completing an exchange during peritoneal dialysis. The nurse observes that the peritoneal fluid is draining slowly and that the client's abdomen is increasing in girth. What is the nurse's most appropriate action? A. Advance the catheter 2 to 4 cm further into the peritoneal cavity. B. Reposition the client to facilitate drainage. C. Aspirate from the catheter using a 60-mL syringe. D. Infuse 50 mL of additional dialysate. B. Reposition the client to facilitate drainage. A female client has been experiencing recurrent urinary tract infections. What health education should the nurse provide to this client? A. Bathe daily and keep the perineal region clean. B. Avoid voiding immediately after sexual intercourse. C. Drink liberal amounts of fluids. D. Void at least every 6 to 8 hours. C. Drink liberal amounts of fluids. A 42-year-old woman comes to the clinic reporting occasional urinary incontinence when sneezing. The clinic nurse should recognize what type of incontinence? A. Stress incontinence B. Reflex incontinence C. Overflow incontinence D. Functional incontinence A. Stress incontinence A nurse is caring for a female client whose urinary retention has not responded to conservative treatment. When educating this client about self-catheterization, the nurse should encourage what practice? A. Assuming a supine position for self-catheterization B. Using clean technique at home to catheterize C. Inserting the catheter 1 to 2 inches (2.5 to 5 cm) into the urethra D. Self-catheterizing every 2 hours at home B. Using clean technique at home to catheterize A 52-year-old client is scheduled to undergo ileal conduit surgery. When planning this client's discharge education, what is the most plausible nursing diagnosis that the nurse should address? A. Impaired mobility related to limitations posed by the ileal conduit B. Deficient knowledge related to care of the ileal conduit C. Risk for deficient fluid volume related to urinary diversion D. Risk for autonomic dysreflexia related to disruption of the sacral plexus B. Deficient knowledge related to care of the ileal conduit The nurse on a urology unit is working with a client who has been diagnosed with calcium oxalate renal calculi. When planning this client's health education, what nutritional guidelines should the nurse provide? A. Restrict protein intake as prescribed. B. Increase intake of potassium-rich foods. C. Follow a low-calcium diet. D. Encourage intake of food containing oxalates. A. Restrict protein intake as prescribed. The nurse is caring for a client who underwent percutaneous (endourologic) lithotripsy earlier in the day. What instruction should the nurse give the client? A. Limit oral fluid intake for 1 to 2 days. B. Report the presence of fine, sand-like particles through the nephrostomy tube. C. Notify the health care provider about cloudy or foul-smelling urine. D. Report any pink-tinged urine within 24 hours after the procedure. C. Notify the health care provider about cloudy or foul-smelling urine. A female client's most recent urinalysis results are suggestive of bacteriuria. When assessing this client, the nurse's data analysis should be informed by what principle? A. Most UTIs in female clients are caused by viruses and do not cause obvious symptoms. B. A diagnosis of bacteriuria requires three consecutive positive results. C. Urine contains varying levels of healthy bacterial flora. D. Urine samples are frequently contaminated by bacteria normally present in the urethral area. D) Urine samples are frequently contaminated by bacteria normally present in the urethral area. The clinic nurse is preparing a plan of care for a client with a history of stress incontinence. What role will the nurse have in implementing a behavioral therapy approach? A. Provide medication teaching related to pseudoephedrine sulfate. B. Teach the client to perform pelvic floor muscle exercises. C. Prepare the client for an anterior vaginal repair procedure. D. Provide information on periurethral bulking. B. Teach the client to perform pelvic floor muscle exercises. The nurse and urologist have both been unsuccessful in catheterizing a client with a prostatic obstruction and a full bladder. What approach does the nurse anticipate the health care provider will use to drain the client's bladder? A. Insertion of a suprapubic catheter B. Scheduling the client immediately for a prostatectomy C. Application of warm compresses to the perineum to assist with relaxation D. Medication administration to relax the bladder muscles and reattempting catheterization in 6 hours A. Insertion of a suprapubic catheter The nurse has implemented a bladder retraining program for an older adult client. The nurse places the client on a timed voiding schedule and performs an ultrasonic bladder scan after each void. The nurse notes that the client typically has approximately 50 mL of urine remaining in the bladder after voiding. What would be the nurse's best response to this finding? A. Perform a straight catheterization on this client. B. Avoid further interventions at this time, as this is an acceptable finding. C. Place an indwelling urinary catheter. D. Press on the client's bladder in an attempt to encourage complete emptying. B. Avoid further interventions at this time, as this is an acceptable finding. The nurse is caring for a client recently diagnosed with renal calculi. The nurse should instruct the client to increase fluid intake to a level where the client produces at least how much urine each day? A. 1,250 mL B. 2,000 mL C. 2,750 mL D. 3,500 mL B. 2,000 mL A client with cancer of the bladder has just returned to the unit from the PACU after surgery to create an ileal conduit. The client weighs 60 kg. The nurse is monitoring the client's urine output hourly and notifies the health care provider when the hourly output is less than what amount? A. 30 mL B. 50 mL C. 100 mL D. 125 mL A. 30 mL The nurse is caring for a client with an indwelling urinary catheter. The nurse is aware that what nursing action helps prevent infection in a client with an indwelling catheter? A. Vigorously clean the meatus area daily. B. Apply powder to the perineal area twice daily. C. Empty the drainage bag at least every 8 hours. D. Irrigate the catheter every 8 hours with normal saline. C. Empty the drainage bag at least every 8 hours. The nurse is teaching a health class of older adults about urinary tract infections (UTI)s. What characteristic of UTIs should the nurse cite? A. Men over age 65 are equally prone to UTIs as women, but are more often asymptomatic. B. The prevalence of UTIs in older men approaches that of women in the same age group. C. Men of all ages are less prone to UTIs, but typically experience more severe symptoms. D. The prevalence of UTIs in men cannot be reliably measured, as men generally do not report UTIs. B. The prevalence of UTIs in older men approaches that of women in the same age group. A client has been admitted to the postsurgical unit following the creation of an ileal conduit. What should the nurse measure to determine the size of the appliance needed? A. The circumference of the stoma B. The length, then double it C. The widest part of the stoma D. Half the width of the stoma C) The widest part of the stoma A client being treated in the hospital has been experiencing occasional urinary retention. What voiding trigger technique would help this client? A. Using a bedpan instead of a commode B. Dipping the client's hands in warm water C. Performing a bladder scan after voiding D. Encouraging male clients to use a urinal in bed B. Dipping the client's hands in warm water A nurse's colleague has applied an incontinence pad to an older adult client who has experienced occasional episodes of functional incontinence. What principle should guide the nurse's management of urinary incontinence in older adults? A. Diuretics should be promptly discontinued when an older adult experiences incontinence. B. Restricting fluid intake is recommended for older adults experiencing incontinence. C. Urinary catheterization is a first-line treatment for incontinence in older adults with incontinence. D. Urinary incontinence is not considered a normal consequence of aging. D. Urinary incontinence is not considered a normal consequence of aging. The nurse is working with a client whose health history includes occasional episodes of urinary retention. What assessment finding would suggest that the client is currently retaining urine? A. The client's suprapubic region is dull on percussion. B. The client is uncharacteristically drowsy. C. The client claims to void large amounts of urine two to three times daily. D. The client takes a beta adrenergic blocker for the treatment of hypertension. A. The client's suprapubic region is dull on percussion. A client with kidney stones is scheduled for extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL). What should the nurse include in the client's postprocedure care? A. Strain the client's urine following the procedure. B. Administer a bolus of 500 mL normal saline following the procedure. C. Monitor the client for fluid overload following the procedure. D. Insert a urinary catheter for 24 to 48 hours after the procedure. A. Strain the client's urine following the procedure. The nurse is caring for a client who has undergone creation of a urinary diversion. Forty-eight hours postoperatively, the nurse's assessment reveals that the stoma is a dark purplish color. What is the nurse's most appropriate response? A. Document the presence of a healthy stoma. B. Assess the client for further signs and symptoms of infection. C. Inform the primary care provider that the vascular supply may be compromised. D. Liaise with the wound-ostomy-continence (WOC) nurse because the ostomy appliance around the stoma may be too loose. C. Inform the primary care provider that the vascular supply may be compromised. A client is undergoing diagnostic testing for a suspected urinary obstruction. The nurse should know that incomplete emptying of the bladder due to bladder outlet obstruction can cause what issue? A. Hydronephrosis B. Nephritic syndrome C. Pyelonephritis D. Nephrotoxicity A. hydronephrosis The nurse is assessing a client admitted with renal stones. During the admission assessment, what parameters should the nurse address? Select all that apply. A. Dietary history B. Family history of renal stones C. Medication history D. Surgical history E. Vaccination history A) Dietary history B) Family history of renal stones C) Medication history A nurse who provides care in a long-term care facility is aware of the high incidence and prevalence of urinary tract infections among older adults. What action has the greatest potential to prevent UTIs in this population? A. Administer prophylactic antibiotics as prescribed. B. Limit the use of indwelling urinary catheters. C. Encourage frequent mobility and repositioning. D. Toilet residents who are immobile on a scheduled basis. B) Limit the use of indwelling urinary catheters. A female client has been prescribed a course of antibiotics for the treatment of a UTI. When providing health education for the client, the nurse should address what topic? A. The risk of developing a vaginal yeast infection as a consequence of antibiotic therapy B. The need to expect a heavy menstrual period following the course of antibiotics C. The risk of developing antibiotic resistance after the course of antibiotics D. The need to undergo a series of three urine cultures after the antibiotics have been completed A. The risk of developing a vaginal yeast infection as a consequence of antibiotic therapy An adult client has been hospitalized with pyelonephritis. The nurse's review of the client's intake and output records reveals that the client has been consuming between 3 Land 3.5 L of oral fluid each day since admission. How should the nurse best respond to this finding? A. Supplement the client's fluid intake with a high-calorie diet. B. Emphasize the need to limit intake to 2 L of fluid daily. C. Obtain an order for a high-sodium diet to prevent dilutional hyponatremia. D. Encourage the client to continue this pattern of fluid intake. D. Encourage the client to continue this pattern of fluid intake. An older adult has experienced a new onset of urinary incontinence, and family members identify this problem as being unprecedented. When assessing the client for factors that may have contributed to incontinence, the nurse should prioritize what assessment? A. Reviewing the client's 24-hour food recall for changes in diet B. Assessing for recent contact with individuals who have UTIs C. Assessing for changes in the client's level of psychosocial stress D. Reviewing the client's medication administration record for recent changes D. Reviewing the client's medication administration record for recent changes A nurse is working with a female client who has developed stress urinary incontinence. Pelvic floor muscle exercises have been prescribed by the primary care provider. How can the nurse best promote successful treatment? A. Clearly explain the potential benefits of pelvic floor muscle exercises. B. Ensure the client knows that surgery will be required if the exercises are unsuccessful. C. Arrange for biofeedback when the client is learning to perform the exercises. D. Contact the client weekly to ensure that they are performing the exercises consistently. C. Arrange for biofeedback when the client is learning to perform the exercises. A client has a flaccid bladder secondary to a spinal cord injury. The nurse recognizes this client's high risk for urinary retention and should implement what intervention in the client's plan of care? A. Relaxation techniques B. Sodium restriction C. Lower abdominal massage D. Double voiding D. Double voiding A client with a sacral pressure ulcer has had a urinary catheter inserted. As a result of this new intervention, the nurse should prioritize what nursing diagnosis in the client's plan of care? A. Impaired physical mobility related to presence of an indwelling urinary catheter B. Risk for infection related to presence of an indwelling urinary catheter C. Deficient knowledge regarding indwelling urinary catheter care D. Disturbed body image related to urinary catheterization B. Risk for infection related to presence of an indwelling urinary catheter A client has had a indwelling urinary catheter removed after having it in place for 10 days during recovery from an acute illness. Two hours after removal of the catheter, the client informs the nurse that the client is experiencing urinary urgency resulting in several small-volume voids. What is the nurse's best response? A. Inform the client that urgency and occasional incontinence are expected for the first few weeks post-removal. B. Obtain an order for a loop diuretic in order to enhance urine output and bladder function. C. Inform the client that this is not unexpected in the short term and scan the client's bladder following each void. D. Obtain an order to reinsert the client's urinary catheter and attempt removal in 24 to 48 hours. C. Inform the client that this is not unexpected in the short term and scan the client's bladder following each void. A nurse on a busy medical unit provides care for many clients who require indwelling urinary catheters at some point during their hospital care. The nurse should recognize a heightened risk of injury associated with indwelling catheter use in which client? A. A client whose diagnosis of chronic kidney disease requires a fluid restriction B. A client who has Alzheimer disease and who is acutely agitated C. A client who is on bed rest following a recent episode of venous thromboembolism D. A client who has decreased mobility following a transmetatarsal amputation B. A client who has Alzheimer disease and who is acutely agitated A client has been admitted to the medical unit with a diagnosis of ureteral colic secondary to urolithiasis. When planning the client's admission assessment, the nurse should be aware that what signs and symptoms are characteristic of this diagnosis? Select all that apply. A. Diarrhea B. High fever C. Hematuria D. Urinary frequency E. Acute pain C) Hematuria D) Urinary frequency E) Acute pain A client with a recent history of nephrolithiasis has presented to the ED. After determining that the client's cardiopulmonary status is stable, what aspect of care should the nurse prioritize? A. IV fluid administration B. Insertion of an indwelling urinary catheter C. Pain management D. Assisting with aspiration of the stone C. Pain management A client has been successfully treated for kidney stones and is preparing for discharge. The nurse recognizes the risk of recurrence and has planned the client's discharge education accordingly. What preventive measure should the nurse encourage the client to adopt? A. Increasing intake of protein from plant sources B. Increasing fluid intake C. Adopting a high-calcium diet D. Eating several small meals each day B. Increasing fluid intake The nurse who is leading a wellness workshop has been asked about actions to reduce the risk of bladder cancer. What health promotion action most directly addresses a major risk factor for bladder cancer? A. Smoking cessation B. Reduction of alcohol intake C. Maintenance of a diet high in vitamins and nutrients D. Vitamin D supplementation A. Smoking cessation Resection of a client's bladder tumor has been incomplete and the client is preparing for the administration of the first ordered instillation of topical chemotherapy. When preparing the client, the nurse should emphasize the need to do which of the following? A. Remain NPO for 12 hours prior to the treatment. B. Hold the solution in the bladder for 2 hours before voiding. C. Drink the intravesical solution quickly and on an empty stomach. D. Avoid acidic foods and beverages until the full cycle of treatment is complete. B. Hold the solution in the bladder for 2 hours before voiding. A client is postoperative day 3 following the creation of an ileal conduit for the treatment of invasive bladder cancer. The client is quickly learning to self-manage the urinary diversion, but expresses concern about the presence of mucus in the urine. What is the nurse's most appropriate response? A. Report this finding promptly to the primary care provider. B. Obtain a sterile urine sample and send it for culture. C. Obtain a urine sample and check it for pH. D. Reassure the client that this is an expected phenomenon. D. Reassure the client that this is an expected phenomenon. The nurse is collaborating with the wound-ostomy-continence (WOC) nurse to teach a client how to manage a new ileal conduit in the home setting. To prevent leakage or skin breakdown, the nurse should encourage which of the following practices? A. Empty the collection bag when it is between one-half and two-thirds full. B. Limit fluid intake to prevent production of large volumes of dilute urine. C. Reinforce the appliance with tape if small leaks are detected. D. Avoid using moisturizing soaps and body washes when cleaning the peristomal area. D. Avoid using moisturizing soaps and body washes when cleaning the peristomal area. A client has undergone the creation of an Indiana pouch for the treatment of bladder cancer. The nurse identified the nursing diagnosis of "disturbed body image." How can the nurse best address the effects of this urinary diversion on the client's body image? A. Emphasize that the diversion is an integral part of successful cancer treatment. B. Encourage the client to speak openly and frankly about the diversion. C. Allow the client to initiate the process of providing care for the diversion. D. Provide the client with detailed written materials about the diversion at the time of discharge. B. Encourage the client to speak openly and frankly about the diversion. A gerontologic nurse is assessing a client who has numerous comorbid health problems. What assessment finding(s) should prompt the nurse to suspect a UTI? Select all that apply. A. Food cravings B. Upper abdominal pain C. Insatiable thirst D. Fever E. New onset of confusion D. Fever E. New onset of confusion The nurse determines that a client who has undergone skin, tissue, and muscle grafting following a modified radical neck dissection requires suctioning. What is the nurse's priority when suctioning this client? A. Avoid applying suction on or near the suture line. B. Position client on the non-operative side with the head of the bed down. C. Assess the client's ability to perform self-suctioning. D. Evaluate the client's ability to swallow saliva and clear fluids. A. Avoid applying suction on or near the suture line. A client with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) has a diagnosis of Barrett esophagus with minor cell changes. What principle should be integrated into the client's subsequent care? A. The client will be monitored closely to detect malignant changes. B. Liver enzymes must be checked regularly, as Ha receptor antagonists may cause hepatic damage. C. Small amounts of blood are likely to be present in the stools and are not cause for concern. D. Antacids may be discontinued when symptoms of heartburn subside. A. The client will be monitored closely to detect malignant changes. A medical nurse who is caring for a client being discharged home after a radical neck dissection has collaborated with the home health nurse to develop a plan of care for this client. What is a priority psychosocial outcome for this client? A. Indicates acceptance of altered appearance and demonstrates positive self-image B. Freely expresses needs and concerns related to postoperative pain management C. Compensates effectively for alteration in ability to communicate related to dysarthria D. Demonstrates effective stress management techniques to promote muscle relaxation A. Indicates acceptance of altered appearance and demonstrates positive A client has been diagnosed with an esophageal diverticulum after undergoing diagnostic imaging. When taking the health history, the nurse should expect the client to describe what sign or symptom? A. Burning pain on swallowing B. Regurgitation of undigested food C. Symptoms mimicking a myocardial infarction D. Chronic parotid abscesses B. Regurgitation of undigested food. A nurse is caring for a client who is acutely ill and has included vigilant oral care in the client's plan of care. What factor increases this client's risk for dental caries? A. Hormonal changes brought on by the stress response cause an acidic oral environment B. Systemic infections frequently migrate to the teeth C. Hydration that is received intravenously lacks fluoride D. Inadequate nutrition and decreased saliva production can cause cavities D. Inadequate nutrition and decreased saliva production can cause cavities A nurse who provides care in an ambulatory clinic integrates basic cancer screening into admission assessments. What client most likely faces the highest immediate risk of oral cancer? A. A 65-year-old man with alcoholism who smokes B. A 45-year-old woman who has type 1 diabetes and who wears dentures C. A 32-year-old man who is obese and uses smokeless tobacco D. A 57-year-old man with GERD and dental caries A. A 65-year-old man with alcoholism who smokes. A nurse is caring for a client who has undergone neck resection with a radial forearm free flap. The nurse's most recent assessment of the graft reveals that it has a bluish color and that mottling is visible. What is the nurse's most appropriate action? A. Document the findings as being consistent with a viable graft. B. Promptly report these indications of venous congestion. C. Closely monitor the client and reassess in 30 minutes. D. Reposition the client to promote peripheral circulation. B. Promptly report these indications of venous congestion. A nurse is assessing a client who has just been admitted to the postsurgical unit following surgical resection for the treatment of oropharyngeal cancer. What assessment should the nurse prioritize? A. Assess ability to clear oral secretions. B. Assess for signs of infection. C. Assess for a patent airway. D. Assess for ability to communicate. C. Assess for a patent airway. A client who has had a radical neck dissection is being prepared for discharge. The discharge plan includes referral to an outpatient rehabilitation center for physical therapy. What should the goals of physical therapy for this client include? A. Muscle training to relieve dysphagia B. Relieving nerve paralysis in the cervical plexus C. Promoting maximum shoulder function D. Alleviating achalasia by decreasing esophageal peristalsis C. Promoting maximum shoulder function. A nurse is addressing the prevention of esophageal cancer in response to a question posed by a participant in a health promotion workshop. What action should the nurse recommend as having the greatest potential to prevent esophageal cancer? A. Promotion of a nutrient-dense, low-fat diet B. Annual screening endoscopy for clients over 50 with a family history of esophageal cancer C. Early diagnosis and treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease D. Adequate fluid intake and avoidance of spicy foods C. Early diagnosis and treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease An emergency department nurse is admitting a 3-year-old brought in after swallowing a piece from a wooden puzzle. The nurse should anticipate the administration of what medication in order to relax the esophagus to facilitate removal of the foreign A. Haloperidol B. Prostigmine C. Epinephrine D. Glucagon D. Glucagon A nurse in an oral surgery practice is working with a client scheduled for removal of an abscessed tooth. When providing discharge education, the nurse should recommend what action? A. Rinse the mouth with alcohol before bedtime for the next 7 days. B. Use warm saline to rinse the mouth as needed. C. Brush around the area with a firm toothbrush to prevent infection. D. Use a toothpick to dislodge any debris that gets lodged in the socket. B. Use warm saline to rinse the mouth as needed. A client has been diagnosed with a malignancy of the oral cavity and is undergoing oncologic treatment. The oncologic nurse is aware that the prognosis for recovery from head and neck cancers is often poor because of what characteristic of these malignancies? A. Radiation therapy often results in secondary brain tumors. B. Surgical complications are exceedingly common. C. Diagnosis rarely occurs until the cancer is end stage. D. Metastases are common and respond poorly to treatment. D. Metastases are common and respond poorly to treatment. A client has undergone surgery for oral cancer and has just been extubated in postanesthetic recovery. What nursing action best promotes comfort and facilitates spontaneous breathing for this client? A. Placing the client in a left lateral position B. Administering opioids as prescribed C. Placing the client in Fowler position D. Teaching the client to use the client-controlled analgesia (PCA) system C. Placing the client in Fowler position. Rationale: After the endotracheal tube or airway has been removed and the effects of the anesthesia have worn off, the client may be placed in Fowler position to facilitate breathing and promote comfort. Lateral positioning does not facilitate oxygenation or comfort. Medications do not facilitate spontaneous breathing. A client has undergone rigid fixation for the correction of a mandibular fracture suffered in a fight. What area of care should the nurse prioritize when planning this client's discharge education? A. Resumption of activities of daily living B. Pain control C. Promotion of adequate nutrition D. Strategies for promoting communication C. Promotion of adequate nutrition. A The client is experiencing painful oral lesions following radiation for oropharyngeal cancer. Which instruction should the nurse give this client? A. Spicy foods stimulate salivation and are soothing. B. Eat food while it is hot to enhance flavor. C. Avoid brushing teeth while lesions are present. D. Eat soft or liquid foods. D. Eat soft or liquid foods. A nurse is caring for a client who is postoperative day 1 following neck dissection surgery. The nurse is performing an assessment of the client and notes the presence of high-pitched adventitious sounds over the client's trachea on auscultation. The client's oxygen saturation is 90% by pulse oximetry with a respiratory rate of 31 breaths per minute. What is the nurse's most appropriate action? A. Encourage the client to perform deep breathing and coughing exercises hourly. B. Reposition the client into a prone or semi-Fowler position and apply supplementary oxygen by nasal cannula. C. Activate the emergency response system. D. Report this finding promptly to the health care provider and remain with the client. D. Report this finding promptly to the health care provider and remain with the client. A nurse is providing care for a client whose neck dissection surgery involved the use of a graft. When assessing the graft, the nurse should prioritize data related to what nursing diagnosis? A. Risk for disuse syndrome B. Unilateral neglect C. Risk for trauma D. Ineffective tissue perfusion D. Ineffective tissue perfusion A client's neck dissection surgery resulted in damage to the client's superior laryngeal nerve. What area of assessment should the nurse consequently prioritize? A. The client's swallowing ability B. The client's ability to speak C. The client's management of secretions D. The client's airway patency A. The client's swallowing ability. A client who underwent surgery for esophageal cancer is admitted to the critical care unit following postanesthetic recovery. What should the nurse include in the client's immediate postoperative plan of care? A. Teaching the client to self-suction B. Performing chest physiotherapy to promote oxygenation C. Positioning the client to prevent gastric reflux D. Providing a regular diet as tolerated C. Positioning the client to prevent gastric reflux A nurse is caring for a client who has had surgery for oral cancer. When addressing the client's long-term needs, the nurse should prioritize interventions and referrals with what goal? A. Enhancement of verbal communication B. Enhancement of immune function C. Maintenance of adequate social support D. Maintenance of fluid balance A. Enhancement of verbal communication. A client returns to the unit after a neck dissection. The surgeon placed a Jackson-Pratt drain in the wound. When assessing the wound drainage over the first 24 postoperative hours the nurse would notify the health care provider immediately for what finding? A. Presence of small blood clots in the drainage B. 60 mL of milky or cloudy drainage C. Spots of drainage on the dressings surrounding the drain D. 120 mL of serosanguinous drainage B. 60 mL of milky or cloudy drainage. A client with GERD has undergone diagnostic testing and it has been determined that increasing the pace of gastric emptying may help alleviate symptoms. The nurse should anticipate that the client may be prescribed what drug? A. Metoclopramide B. Omeprazole C. Lansoprazole D. Calcium carbonate A. Metoclopramide A client seeking care because of recurrent heartburn and regurgitation is subsequently diagnosed with a hiatal hernia. Which of the following should the nurse include in health education? A. "Drinking beverages after your meal, rather than with your meal, may bring some relief." B. "It's best to avoid dry foods, such as rice and chicken, because they're harder to swallow." C. "Many clients obtain relief by taking over-the-counter antacids 30 minutes before eating." D. "Instead of eating three meals a day, try eating smaller amounts more often." D. Instead of eating three meals a day, try eating smaller amounts more often. A nurse is caring for a client who has just had a rigid fixation of a mandibular fracture. When planning the discharge teaching for this client, what would the nurse be sure to include? A. Increasing calcium intake to promote bone healing B. Avoiding chewing food for the specified number of weeks after surgery C. Techniques for managing parenteral nutrition in the home setting D. Techniques for managing a gastrostomy B. Avoiding chewing food for the specified number of weeks after surgery. A nurse is caring for a client who is postoperative from a neck dissection. What would be the most appropriate nursing action to enhance the client's appetite? A. Encourage the family to bring in the client's favorite foods. B. Limit visitors at mealtimes so that the client is not distracted. C. Avoid offering food unless the client initiates. D. Provide thorough oral care immediately after the client eats. A. Encourage the family to bring in the client's favorite foods. A nurse is caring for a client in the late stages of esophageal cancer. The nurse should plan to prevent or address what characteristic(s) of this stage of the disease? Select all that apply. A. Perforation into the mediastinum B. Development of an esophageal lesion C. Erosion into the great vessels D. Painful swallowing E. Obstruction of the esophagus A) Perforation into the mediastinum C) Erosion into the great vessels E) Obstruction of the esophagus The nurse is preparing to check for tube placement in the client's stomach as well as measure the residual volume. What are these nursing actions attempting to prevent? A. Gastric ulcers B. Aspiration C. Abdominal distention D. Diarrhea B. aspiration The management of the client's gastrostomy is an assessment priority for the home care nurse. What statement would indicate that the client is managing the tube correctly? A. "I clean my stoma twice a day with alcohol." B. "The only time I flush my tube is when I'm putting in medications." C. "I flush my tube with water before and after each of my medications." D. "I try to stay still most of the time to avoid dislodging my tube." C. "I flush my tube with water before and after each of my medications." A client's NG tube has become clogged after the nurse instilled a medication that was insufficiently crushed. The nurse has attempted to aspirate with a large-bore syringe, with no success. What should the nurse do next? A. Withdraw the NG tube 2 inches (5 cm) and reattempt aspiration. B. Attach a syringe filled with warm water and attempt an in-and-out motion of instilling and aspirating. C. Withdraw the NG tube slightly and attempt to dislodge by flicking the tube with the fingers. D. Remove the NG tube promptly and obtain an order for reinsertion from the primary care provider. B. Attach a syringe filled with warm water and attempt an in-and-out motion of instilling and aspirating. The nurse is administering medications to a client through a feeding tube. Which action should the nurse take? A. Flush the tube with 5 mL of water before administering medication. B. Turn the tube feeding off for 1 hour before administering the medication. C. Administer each medication separately. D. Flush with 50 mL of water between each medication. C. Administer each medication separately. A client who suffered a stroke had an NG tube inserted to facilitate feeding shortly after admission. The client has since become comatose and the client's family asks the nurse why the health care provider is recommending the removal of the client's NG tube and the insertion of a gastrostomy tube. What is the nurse's best response? A. "It eliminates the risk for infection." B. "Feeds can be infused at a faster rate." C. "Regurgitation and aspiration are less likely." D. "It allows caregivers to provide personal hygiene more easily." C. "Regurgitation and aspiration are less likely." A client has a gastrostomy tube that has been placed to drain stomach contents by low intermittent suction. What is the nurse's priority during this aspect of the client's care? A. Measure and record drainage. B. Monitor drainage for change in color. C. Titrate the suction every hour. D. Feed the client via the G tube as prescribed. A. Measure and record drainage. The nurse is caring for a client who had a low-profile gastrostomy device placed. Which instruction should the nurse give the client and family? A. Wear the tubing outside of clothing. B. Use tape to secure the device. C. Bring the connection tubing if going to the hospital. D. Change the wet-to-dry dressing daily. C. Bring the connection tubing if going to the hospital. A nurse is preparing to place a client's prescribed nasogastric tube. What anticipatory guidance should the nurse provide to the client? A. Insertion is likely to cause some gagging. B. Insertion will cause some short-term pain. C. A narrow-gauge tube will be inserted before being replaced with a larger-gauge tube. D. Topical anesthetics will be used to reduce discomfort during insertion. A. Insertion is likely to cause some gagging. A nurse is creating a care plan for a client receiving nasogastric tube feedings. Which intervention should the nurse include? A. Check the gastric residual volume every 4 hours. B. Hold the tube feeding if the gastric residual volume is greater than 200 mL. C. Position client flat in bed during feedings. D. Use client assessment findings to determine tolerance of feedings. D. Use client assessment findings to determine tolerance of feedings. A nasogastric tube is being inserted in a client with the COVID virus. Which action should the nurse take? A. Place the client in a prone position. B. Administer bolus feedings. C. Place a mask over the client's nose. D. Wear personal protective equipment. D. Wear personal protective equipment. A nurse is caring for a client who just has been diagnosed with a peptic ulcer. When teaching the client about his new diagnosis, how should the nurse best describe it? A. Inflammation of the lining of the stomach B. Erosion of the lining of the stomach or intestine C. Bleeding from the mucosa in the stomach D. Viral invasion of the stomach wall B. Erosion of the lining of the stomach or intestine A nurse is admitting a client diagnosed with late-stage gastric cancer. The client's family is distraught and angry that the client was not diagnosed earlier in the course of her disease. What factor most likely contributed to the client's late diagnosis? A. Gastric cancer does not cause signs or symptoms until metastasis has occurred. B. Adherence to screening recommendations for gastric cancer is exceptionally low. C. Early symptoms of gastric cancer are usually attributed to constipation. D. The early symptoms of gastric cancer are usually not alarming or highly unusual. D. The early symptoms of gastric cancer are usually not alarming or highly unusual. A nurse is preparing to discharge a client after recovery from gastric surgery. What is an appropriate discharge outcome for this client? A. Bowel movements maintain a loose consistency. B. Three large meals per day are tolerated. C. Weight is maintained or gained. D. High calcium diet is consumed. C. Weight is maintained or gained. A nurse is completing a health history on a client whose diagnosis is chronic gastritis. Which of the data should the nurse consider most significantly related to the etiology of the client's health problem? A. Consumes one or more protein drinks daily. B. Takes over-the-counter antacids frequently throughout the day. C. Smokes one pack of cigarettes daily. D. Reports a history of social drinking on a weekly basis. C. Smokes one pack of cigarettes daily. A community health nurse is preparing for an initial home visit to a client discharged following a total gastrectomy for treatment of gastric cancer. What would the nurse anticipate that the plan of care is most likely to include? A. Enteral feeding via gastrostomy tube (G tube) B. Gastrointestinal decompression by nasogastric tube C. Periodic assessment for esophageal distension D. Administration of injections of vitamin B12 D. Administration of injections of vitamin B12 A nurse is assessing a client who has peptic ulcer disease. The client requests more information about the typical causes of Helicobacter pylori infection. What would it be appropriate for the nurse to instruct the client? A. Most affected clients acquired the infection during international travel. B. Infection typically occurs due to ingestion of contaminated food and water. C. Many people possess genetic factors causing a predisposition to H. pylori infection. D. The H. pylori microorganism is endemic in warm, moist climates. B. Infection typically occurs due to ingestion of contaminated food and water. A client who experienced a large upper gastrointestinal (GI) bleed due to gastritis has had the bleeding controlled and is now stable. For the next several hours, the nurse caring for this client should assess for what signs and symptoms of recurrence? A. Tachycardia, hypotension, and tachypnea B. Tarry, foul-smelling stools C. Diaphoresis and sudden onset of abdominal pain D. Sudden thirst, unrelieved by oral fluid administration A. Tachycardia, hypotension, and tachypnea A client presents to the clinic reporting vomiting and burning in the mid-epigastria. The nurse knows that in the process of confirming peptic ulcer disease, the health care provider is likely to order a diagnostic test to detect the presence of what? A. Infection with Helicobacter pylori B. Excessive stomach acid secretion C. An incompetent pyloric sphincter D. A metabolic acid-base imbalance A. Infection with Helicobacter pylori client with a peptic ulcer disease has had metronidazole added to their current medication regimen. What health education related to this medication should the nurse provide? A. Take the medication on an empty stomach. B. Take up to one extra dose per day if stomach pain persists. C. Take at bedtime to mitigate the effects of drowsiness. D. Avoid drinking alcohol while taking the drug. D. Avoid drinking alcohol while taking the drug A client was treated in the emergency department and critical care unit after ingesting bleach. What possible complication of the resulting gastritis should the nurse recognize? A. Esophageal or pyloric obstruction related to scarring B. Uncontrolled proliferation of H. pylori C. Gastric hyperacidity related to excessive gastrin secretion D. Chronic referred pain in the lower abdomen A. Esophageal or pyloric obstruction related to scarring A client who underwent a gastric resection 3 weeks ago is having their diet progressed on a daily basis. Following the latest meal, the client reports dizziness and palpitations. Inspection reveals that the client is diaphoretic. What is the nurse's best action? A. Insert a nasogastric tube promptly. B. Reposition the client supine. C. Monitor the client closely for further signs of dumping syndrome. D. Assess the client for signs and symptoms of aspiration. C. Monitor the client closely for further signs of dumping syndrome. A client is receiving education about an upcoming Billroth I procedure (gastroduodenostomy). This client should be informed that the client may experience which of the following adverse effects associated with this procedure? A. Persistent feelings of hunger and thirst B. Constipation or bowel incontinence C. Diarrhea and feelings of fullness D. Gastric reflux and belching C. Diarrhea and feelings of fullness A nurse is providing client education for a client with peptic ulcer disease secondary to chronic nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) use. The client has recently been prescribed misoprostol. What would the nurse be most accurate in informing the client about the drug? A. It reduces the stomach's volume of hydrochloric acid B. It increases the speed of gastric emptying C. It protects the stomach's lining D. It increases lower esophageal sphincter pressure C. It protects the stomachs lining A nurse is providing anticipatory guidance to a client who is preparing for a total gastrectomy. The nurse learns that the client is anxious about numerous aspects of the surgery. What intervention is most appropriate to alleviate the client's anxiety? A. Emphasize the fact that gastric surgery has a low risk of complications. B. Encourage the client to focus on the benefits of the surgery. C. Facilitate the client's contact with support services. D. Obtain an order for a PRN benzodiazepine. C. Facilitate the client's contact with support services. A client has just been diagnosed with acute gastritis after presenting in distress to the emergency department with abdominal symptoms. What would be the nursing care most needed by the client at this time? A. Teaching the client about necessary nutritional modification B. Helping the client weigh treatment options C. Teaching the client about the etiology of gastritis D. Providing the client with physical and emotional support D. Providing the client with physical and emotional support A client is recovering in the hospital following gastrectomy. The nurse notes that the client has become increasingly difficult to engage and has had several angry outbursts at staff members in recent days. The nurse's attempts at therapeutic dialogue have been rebuffed. What is the nurse's most appropriate action? A. Ask the client's primary provider to liaise between the nurse and the client. B. Delegate care of the client to a coll