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OV
PR
AP
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IA
UV
ST
, TABLE OF CONTENTS
Test Bank: Kuby Immunology (Covid-19 Digital Update), 8th
Edition
Authors: Jenni Punt, Sharon Stranford, Patricia Jones, Judy Owen
ST
Chapter 1. Overview of the Immune System
UV
Chapter 2. Cells, Organs, and Microenvironments of the Immune System
Chapter 3. Recognition and Response
Chapter 4. Innate Immunity
IA
Chapter 5. The Complement System
Chapter 6. The Organization and Expression of Lymphocyte Receptor Genes
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Chapter 7. The Major Histocompatibility Complex and Antigen Presentation
Chapter 8. T-Cell Development
Chapter 9. B-Cell Development
AP
Chapter 10. T-Cell Activation, Differentiation, and Memory
Chapter 11. B-Cell Activation, Differentiation, and Memory
Chapter 12. Effector Responses: Cell- and Antibody-Mediated Immunity
PR
Chapter 13. The Barrier Immunity: Immunology of Mucosa and Skin
Chapter 14. The Adaptive Immune Response in Time and Space
Chapter 15. Allergy, Hypersensitivities, and Chronic Inflammation
OV
Chapter 16. Tolerance, Autoimmunity, and Transplantation
Chapter 17. Infectious Disease and Public Health
Chapter 18. Immunization and Vaccines
Chapter 19. Immunodeficiency Disorders
ED
Chapter 20. Cancer and the Immune System
? ?
, (Kuby Immunology Covid-19 Digital Update, 8e Jenni Punt, Sharon Stranford, Patricia Jones, Judy Owen)
(Test Bank Latest Edition 2023-24, Grade A+, 100% Verified)
Chapter 01
1. Two of the main, early theories proposed to explain how antigen-specific antibodies develop were the
instructional theory and the selective theory. How did the two differ? Which was ultimately shown to be
CORRECT?
ANSWER: The selective theory says that, when an antigen receptor binds with an antigen, the cell becomes
activated (or the cell is selected to proliferate and secrete more copies of the receptor). The
instructional theory says that the antigen receptor molds itself to the antigen. The selective theory
was shown to be correct.
ST
S
2. Often, serendipity plays a role in significant scientific discoveries. In your own words, explain how
serendipity led Pasteur to discover a cholera vaccine.
K
ANSWER: Pasteur developed the vaccine in chickens, which were in short supply. He challenged groups of
UV
chickens with cholera bacteria—some of which were previously exposed to an attenuated version of
N
cholera bacteria. Only the previously exposed animals were protected from a new challenge, which
led to the use of weakened pathogens as vaccines.
A
3. Despite its having been eradicated on a global scale, smallpox is presently considered a potential bioterrorism
IA
threat. Why? Use evidence to support your answer.
ANSWER: After eradication was achieved, smallpox vaccination programs largely ended. As populations
B
continued to grow over time, an ever-increasing percentage of the human population remains
?_
unvaccinated and thus, is still susceptible to the disease.
T
4. Prior to 1999, it was claimed that a thimerosal additive in vaccines was contributing to the rising incidence of
autism. If the claims were true, what resultant trend might you expect to observe in the rate of autism once
S
AP
thimerosal was removed from vaccines?
ANSWER: One would reasonably expect a decrease in the rate of autism. However, cases of autism continued
to rise after thimerosal was removed from vaccines in 2001.
E
PR
5. Given the discovery and development of effective antibiotics, make an argument for the continued use of
T
vaccines against bacterial pathogens. Use evidence to support your answer.
ANSWER: Antibiotics are used for treatment of disease, not typically for prevention. Antibiotic treatment is not
foolproof (considering the rising incidence of antibiotic resistance). Vaccines are a preventative
D
measure, and prevention is the gold standard for infectious disease control measures.
OV
6. You have a friend unfamiliar with immunology, and he asks you the following question: "Why do I need the
E
flu shot every year, but don't need an annual chickenpox vaccine?" As a student of immunology, how would
you explain this discrepancy to your friend? Use evidence to support your answer.
M
ANSWER: The virus that causes the flu changes every year - as a result, a new flu vaccine must be prepared
ED
each year based on a predication of the most common forms of the virus likely to be encountered.
Vaccines are specific in the type of pathogen against which they protect, and protection against one
type does not guarantee protection against pathogens that are closely-related.
??
7. Provide one benefit and one drawback of generating random recognition receptors during the development of
B cells.
ANSWER: A benefit is having the capacity to recognize and respond to diverse pathogens as they evolve. A
drawback is that some recognition receptors could potentially recognize and target host antigens.
, Name: Class: Date:
Chapter 01
8. A portion of our immune systems' white blood cells is constantly circulating throughout the body via
circulation and lymphatics. What is the benefit of such circulation?
ANSWER: The circulation of the white blood cells allows for a more comprehensive surveillance of the body
for the presence of potential pathogens. A significant portion of the human body is constantly
exposed to potential microbial pathogens.
9. Complete the following table by comparing and contrasting innate and adaptive immune responses.
ST
S
Innate Adaptive
Immunity Immunity
K
Is mediated by what cells?
UV
What do they recognize?
N
How are the receptors
encoded?
A
Why can't they control all
IA
infections alone?
What do they do in
B
response to antigen?
?_
ANSWER:
T
Adaptive
Innate Immunity
Immunity
Macrophages, NK
S
AP
Is mediated by T cells and B
cells, neutrophils,
what cells? cells
mast cells eosinophils
E
What do they Specific
Pathogen patterns
recognize? epitopes
PR
How are the
T
Rearranged
receptors Germ line
gene segments
encoded?
D
Why can't they
Pathogens evolve Takes too long
OV
control all
escape mechanisms to develop
infections alone?
E
What do they do Produce
Engulf and destroy,
in response to antibodies, kill
induce inflammation
M
antigen? infected cells
ED
10. What are the hallmarks of inflammation? Describe the physical characteristics of someone experiencing an
inflammatory response.
ANSWER: Redness, swelling, heat, pain. Someone experiencing inflammation might have localized swelling
??
and redness or itching or may be experiencing faintness due to a lowering of blood pressure if more
severe.
11. Upon receiving immune serum as a treatment for a venomous snake bite, would the recipient be immune
ED
OV
PR
AP
?_
IA
UV
ST
, TABLE OF CONTENTS
Test Bank: Kuby Immunology (Covid-19 Digital Update), 8th
Edition
Authors: Jenni Punt, Sharon Stranford, Patricia Jones, Judy Owen
ST
Chapter 1. Overview of the Immune System
UV
Chapter 2. Cells, Organs, and Microenvironments of the Immune System
Chapter 3. Recognition and Response
Chapter 4. Innate Immunity
IA
Chapter 5. The Complement System
Chapter 6. The Organization and Expression of Lymphocyte Receptor Genes
?_
Chapter 7. The Major Histocompatibility Complex and Antigen Presentation
Chapter 8. T-Cell Development
Chapter 9. B-Cell Development
AP
Chapter 10. T-Cell Activation, Differentiation, and Memory
Chapter 11. B-Cell Activation, Differentiation, and Memory
Chapter 12. Effector Responses: Cell- and Antibody-Mediated Immunity
PR
Chapter 13. The Barrier Immunity: Immunology of Mucosa and Skin
Chapter 14. The Adaptive Immune Response in Time and Space
Chapter 15. Allergy, Hypersensitivities, and Chronic Inflammation
OV
Chapter 16. Tolerance, Autoimmunity, and Transplantation
Chapter 17. Infectious Disease and Public Health
Chapter 18. Immunization and Vaccines
Chapter 19. Immunodeficiency Disorders
ED
Chapter 20. Cancer and the Immune System
? ?
, (Kuby Immunology Covid-19 Digital Update, 8e Jenni Punt, Sharon Stranford, Patricia Jones, Judy Owen)
(Test Bank Latest Edition 2023-24, Grade A+, 100% Verified)
Chapter 01
1. Two of the main, early theories proposed to explain how antigen-specific antibodies develop were the
instructional theory and the selective theory. How did the two differ? Which was ultimately shown to be
CORRECT?
ANSWER: The selective theory says that, when an antigen receptor binds with an antigen, the cell becomes
activated (or the cell is selected to proliferate and secrete more copies of the receptor). The
instructional theory says that the antigen receptor molds itself to the antigen. The selective theory
was shown to be correct.
ST
S
2. Often, serendipity plays a role in significant scientific discoveries. In your own words, explain how
serendipity led Pasteur to discover a cholera vaccine.
K
ANSWER: Pasteur developed the vaccine in chickens, which were in short supply. He challenged groups of
UV
chickens with cholera bacteria—some of which were previously exposed to an attenuated version of
N
cholera bacteria. Only the previously exposed animals were protected from a new challenge, which
led to the use of weakened pathogens as vaccines.
A
3. Despite its having been eradicated on a global scale, smallpox is presently considered a potential bioterrorism
IA
threat. Why? Use evidence to support your answer.
ANSWER: After eradication was achieved, smallpox vaccination programs largely ended. As populations
B
continued to grow over time, an ever-increasing percentage of the human population remains
?_
unvaccinated and thus, is still susceptible to the disease.
T
4. Prior to 1999, it was claimed that a thimerosal additive in vaccines was contributing to the rising incidence of
autism. If the claims were true, what resultant trend might you expect to observe in the rate of autism once
S
AP
thimerosal was removed from vaccines?
ANSWER: One would reasonably expect a decrease in the rate of autism. However, cases of autism continued
to rise after thimerosal was removed from vaccines in 2001.
E
PR
5. Given the discovery and development of effective antibiotics, make an argument for the continued use of
T
vaccines against bacterial pathogens. Use evidence to support your answer.
ANSWER: Antibiotics are used for treatment of disease, not typically for prevention. Antibiotic treatment is not
foolproof (considering the rising incidence of antibiotic resistance). Vaccines are a preventative
D
measure, and prevention is the gold standard for infectious disease control measures.
OV
6. You have a friend unfamiliar with immunology, and he asks you the following question: "Why do I need the
E
flu shot every year, but don't need an annual chickenpox vaccine?" As a student of immunology, how would
you explain this discrepancy to your friend? Use evidence to support your answer.
M
ANSWER: The virus that causes the flu changes every year - as a result, a new flu vaccine must be prepared
ED
each year based on a predication of the most common forms of the virus likely to be encountered.
Vaccines are specific in the type of pathogen against which they protect, and protection against one
type does not guarantee protection against pathogens that are closely-related.
??
7. Provide one benefit and one drawback of generating random recognition receptors during the development of
B cells.
ANSWER: A benefit is having the capacity to recognize and respond to diverse pathogens as they evolve. A
drawback is that some recognition receptors could potentially recognize and target host antigens.
, Name: Class: Date:
Chapter 01
8. A portion of our immune systems' white blood cells is constantly circulating throughout the body via
circulation and lymphatics. What is the benefit of such circulation?
ANSWER: The circulation of the white blood cells allows for a more comprehensive surveillance of the body
for the presence of potential pathogens. A significant portion of the human body is constantly
exposed to potential microbial pathogens.
9. Complete the following table by comparing and contrasting innate and adaptive immune responses.
ST
S
Innate Adaptive
Immunity Immunity
K
Is mediated by what cells?
UV
What do they recognize?
N
How are the receptors
encoded?
A
Why can't they control all
IA
infections alone?
What do they do in
B
response to antigen?
?_
ANSWER:
T
Adaptive
Innate Immunity
Immunity
Macrophages, NK
S
AP
Is mediated by T cells and B
cells, neutrophils,
what cells? cells
mast cells eosinophils
E
What do they Specific
Pathogen patterns
recognize? epitopes
PR
How are the
T
Rearranged
receptors Germ line
gene segments
encoded?
D
Why can't they
Pathogens evolve Takes too long
OV
control all
escape mechanisms to develop
infections alone?
E
What do they do Produce
Engulf and destroy,
in response to antibodies, kill
induce inflammation
M
antigen? infected cells
ED
10. What are the hallmarks of inflammation? Describe the physical characteristics of someone experiencing an
inflammatory response.
ANSWER: Redness, swelling, heat, pain. Someone experiencing inflammation might have localized swelling
??
and redness or itching or may be experiencing faintness due to a lowering of blood pressure if more
severe.
11. Upon receiving immune serum as a treatment for a venomous snake bite, would the recipient be immune
