RTV 3007 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED
ANSWERS
consolidation - Answers - combining two similar organizations into one
Convergence - Answers - The coming together of and blurring the lines between what
previously had been separate ways of distributing info.
ex/ cable, broadcast, telephone and internet enter the home on the same wire.
diversification - Answers - providing more than one product or service
vertical integration - Answers - the control of the production and distribution of content
by one company
synergy - Answers - the idea that the action of two or more companies working together
may produce a benefit greater than the combined effect of the same companies
operating separately
video cassette recorders (VCRs) - Answers - equipment that people use to do time
shifting
time shifting - Answers - the audience behavior of recording a program off the air and
viewing it at a later time
zapping - Answers - where the audience fast forwards through the commercials when
playing back recorded TV
urbanization - Answers - where urban populations became the target of mass media,
when tech-based communications reach large #'s of ppl in a short amount of time
penny press - Answers - newspapers that had news about crimes, gossip, and different
features; cost a penny
vaudeville - Answers - popular form of entertainment featuring "variety" acts in which
performers sang, danced, played musical instruments, and did comedy routines. the
development of "talkies' ended it in the 20s
phonograph - Answers - piece of furniture entertainment that plays the radio
motion pictures - Answers - silent movies & "talkies" became a big deal of entertainment
and the start of RCA-RKO was one of the many links between broadcasting and motion
pictures
,telegraph - Answers - an invention by Samuel Morse that send/received coded
messages on strips of paper
telephone - Answers - an invention by Alexander Bell that allowed people to
communicate vocally with others from long distances. It was eventually passed onto
being an AT&T thing
James Clark Maxwell - Answers - theorized that an invisible form of radiant energy
(electromagnetic energy) must exist, foreseeing that it resemled light radiating out from
a source in the form of waves
Heinrich Hertz - Answers - demonstrated radio by generating, transmitting, detected and
measured the lengths of electromagnetic waves
Guglielmo Marconi - Answers - developed wireless as a viable means of communication
in telegraph
Commercial uses of Wireless Communication - Answers - telegraphic communications
between ships and shore stations, even between continents; radio (alternator) became
a long distance alternative to submarine telegraph games
Military uses of Wireless Communication - Answers - enemy spy agents could use radio
to send info about ship movements; U.S. navy froze patent lawsuits over radio
inventions
Government Control over Broadcasting - Answers - U.S. Navy did not relinquish control
of radio facilities for another 18 months; thought radio was too vital to entrust to private
hands, made radio a permanent gov't monopoly but failed
RCA - Answers - Radio Corporation of America: made because there were concerns
about British ownership of American broadcasting
Vertical Integration - Answers - Producer owns distribution.
ex/ Disney owns TV, movies, radio, stores, etc.
Democratization of Media - Answers - Before: In the 60s, the industry controlled content
use for much of electronic media's history. There were three networks and color TV.
After: In the 70s, VCR changed all of that. Time shifting recorded programs and view
them later. zapping was skipping commercials.
-Consumers have more control over media experience.
Mass Media - Answers - Penny Press, Vaudeville, Phonograph, and motion pictures.
, Telegraph - Answers - The first technical advancement to pave the way for
broadcasting. (1800s) System of binary code, had government funding, and created by
Samuel Morse.
Wired - Answers - Telephone (Bell) - Transfer of voice. "Long lines" system enabled
network operations.
Wireless - Answers - James Clerk Maxwell - created theory to transfer energy in air
(electromagnetic waves)
Heinrich Hertz - Practiced this theory
Guglielmo Marconi - Tried to build systems that can transfer the energy.
Government Intervention in WWI - Answers - - Took over all stations
- froze patent lawsuits on radio inventions
- increase in patent sharing
- increase in innovation
- government monopoly of wireless communication
RCA - Answers - US Gov and American industry had concerns about British ownership
of American broadcasting. All of RCA's members had to be American and 80% of it's
stock in American hands. RCA formed from American Marconi.
AT&T, Westinghouse, and GE
First Broadcast Stations - Answers - 8XK - Operated by Dr. Frank Conrad in Pittsburgh
(1919) Content: recorded music, sports, results, etc. He worked for Westinghouse.
KDKA - Westinghouse adapted a transmitter, installed it in a makeshift shack on the
company's tallest building in East Pittsburgh and they began at 6:00PM Nov. 2, 1920.
First Broadcasting Networks - Answers - NBC - 1926, red and blue, David Sarnoff
CBS - 1927, William C. Paley, started at the talent agency
Radio Act of 1912 - Answers - First comprehensive American legislation to govern land-
based stations. Required federal licensing of all radio transmitters. The Titanic sinking
prompted this.
Radio Act of 1927 - Answers - - Established FRC (later became FCC)
- "clear channel" frequency assignments
- concept of scarcity
- PICON (public interest, convenience, or necessity)
- No interference
- The industry wanted it
Communications Act of 1934 - Answers - Changed Regulatory environment:
- Established the FCC
- Perpetuated/reinforced the importance of scarcity to support radio/TV
- Perpetuated/reinforced the need to regulate radio use as PICON.
ANSWERS
consolidation - Answers - combining two similar organizations into one
Convergence - Answers - The coming together of and blurring the lines between what
previously had been separate ways of distributing info.
ex/ cable, broadcast, telephone and internet enter the home on the same wire.
diversification - Answers - providing more than one product or service
vertical integration - Answers - the control of the production and distribution of content
by one company
synergy - Answers - the idea that the action of two or more companies working together
may produce a benefit greater than the combined effect of the same companies
operating separately
video cassette recorders (VCRs) - Answers - equipment that people use to do time
shifting
time shifting - Answers - the audience behavior of recording a program off the air and
viewing it at a later time
zapping - Answers - where the audience fast forwards through the commercials when
playing back recorded TV
urbanization - Answers - where urban populations became the target of mass media,
when tech-based communications reach large #'s of ppl in a short amount of time
penny press - Answers - newspapers that had news about crimes, gossip, and different
features; cost a penny
vaudeville - Answers - popular form of entertainment featuring "variety" acts in which
performers sang, danced, played musical instruments, and did comedy routines. the
development of "talkies' ended it in the 20s
phonograph - Answers - piece of furniture entertainment that plays the radio
motion pictures - Answers - silent movies & "talkies" became a big deal of entertainment
and the start of RCA-RKO was one of the many links between broadcasting and motion
pictures
,telegraph - Answers - an invention by Samuel Morse that send/received coded
messages on strips of paper
telephone - Answers - an invention by Alexander Bell that allowed people to
communicate vocally with others from long distances. It was eventually passed onto
being an AT&T thing
James Clark Maxwell - Answers - theorized that an invisible form of radiant energy
(electromagnetic energy) must exist, foreseeing that it resemled light radiating out from
a source in the form of waves
Heinrich Hertz - Answers - demonstrated radio by generating, transmitting, detected and
measured the lengths of electromagnetic waves
Guglielmo Marconi - Answers - developed wireless as a viable means of communication
in telegraph
Commercial uses of Wireless Communication - Answers - telegraphic communications
between ships and shore stations, even between continents; radio (alternator) became
a long distance alternative to submarine telegraph games
Military uses of Wireless Communication - Answers - enemy spy agents could use radio
to send info about ship movements; U.S. navy froze patent lawsuits over radio
inventions
Government Control over Broadcasting - Answers - U.S. Navy did not relinquish control
of radio facilities for another 18 months; thought radio was too vital to entrust to private
hands, made radio a permanent gov't monopoly but failed
RCA - Answers - Radio Corporation of America: made because there were concerns
about British ownership of American broadcasting
Vertical Integration - Answers - Producer owns distribution.
ex/ Disney owns TV, movies, radio, stores, etc.
Democratization of Media - Answers - Before: In the 60s, the industry controlled content
use for much of electronic media's history. There were three networks and color TV.
After: In the 70s, VCR changed all of that. Time shifting recorded programs and view
them later. zapping was skipping commercials.
-Consumers have more control over media experience.
Mass Media - Answers - Penny Press, Vaudeville, Phonograph, and motion pictures.
, Telegraph - Answers - The first technical advancement to pave the way for
broadcasting. (1800s) System of binary code, had government funding, and created by
Samuel Morse.
Wired - Answers - Telephone (Bell) - Transfer of voice. "Long lines" system enabled
network operations.
Wireless - Answers - James Clerk Maxwell - created theory to transfer energy in air
(electromagnetic waves)
Heinrich Hertz - Practiced this theory
Guglielmo Marconi - Tried to build systems that can transfer the energy.
Government Intervention in WWI - Answers - - Took over all stations
- froze patent lawsuits on radio inventions
- increase in patent sharing
- increase in innovation
- government monopoly of wireless communication
RCA - Answers - US Gov and American industry had concerns about British ownership
of American broadcasting. All of RCA's members had to be American and 80% of it's
stock in American hands. RCA formed from American Marconi.
AT&T, Westinghouse, and GE
First Broadcast Stations - Answers - 8XK - Operated by Dr. Frank Conrad in Pittsburgh
(1919) Content: recorded music, sports, results, etc. He worked for Westinghouse.
KDKA - Westinghouse adapted a transmitter, installed it in a makeshift shack on the
company's tallest building in East Pittsburgh and they began at 6:00PM Nov. 2, 1920.
First Broadcasting Networks - Answers - NBC - 1926, red and blue, David Sarnoff
CBS - 1927, William C. Paley, started at the talent agency
Radio Act of 1912 - Answers - First comprehensive American legislation to govern land-
based stations. Required federal licensing of all radio transmitters. The Titanic sinking
prompted this.
Radio Act of 1927 - Answers - - Established FRC (later became FCC)
- "clear channel" frequency assignments
- concept of scarcity
- PICON (public interest, convenience, or necessity)
- No interference
- The industry wanted it
Communications Act of 1934 - Answers - Changed Regulatory environment:
- Established the FCC
- Perpetuated/reinforced the importance of scarcity to support radio/TV
- Perpetuated/reinforced the need to regulate radio use as PICON.
