PNB 2274 FINAL EXAM 2026 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | A+
GRADED | WITH EXPERT SOLUTIONS
does this class suck? - (ANSWER)yes
anatomy - (ANSWER)structure
what are the walls of blood capillaries composed of? - (ANSWER)thin epithelium
simple squamous
gross anatomy - (ANSWER)what we see with the unaided eye, superficial and deep structures
microscopic anatomy - (ANSWER)requires magnification
cytology - (ANSWER)study of cells
histology - (ANSWER)study of tissue
physiology - (ANSWER)function
the structure of capillary walls, - (ANSWER)promotes nutrient and waste exchange
inferior-superior - (ANSWER)below- above
rostral- caudal - (ANSWER)front- back
anterior - posterior - (ANSWER)front- back
,PNB 2274 FINAL EXAM 2026 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | A+
GRADED | WITH EXPERT SOLUTIONS
ventral- dorsal - (ANSWER)front-back
medial -lateral - (ANSWER)towards middle- away from middle
proximal- distal - (ANSWER)nearer the trunk or attached end/farther from the trunk or point of
attachment
superficial -deep - (ANSWER)toward and away from the body surface
coronal - (ANSWER)divides into front and back
transverse - (ANSWER)divides into upper and lower
midsaggital - (ANSWER)divides into left and right
homeostasis - (ANSWER)the tendency of an organism to maintain a stable internal environment even
though the external environment changes
homeostatic control systems - (ANSWER)monitor the internal environment and correct as needed
cellular level - (ANSWER)local control
organ and organism - (ANSWER)reflex control, long distance signaling
3 major components of a control system - (ANSWER)input (input signal)->controller (integrating center)-
> output (output signal)
,PNB 2274 FINAL EXAM 2026 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | A+
GRADED | WITH EXPERT SOLUTIONS
the integrators - (ANSWER)control centers
integrators - (ANSWER)possess a set point
set points - (ANSWER)can be modified. a fever regulates back to set point, acclimatization regulates
environmental temperature
full response loop - (ANSWER)stimulus-> sensor ->input -> integrating center -> output ->target ->
response
heart rate homeostasis is an example of - (ANSWER)antagonistic homeostasis control
sympathetic nerves - (ANSWER)increase heart rate
parasympathetic nerves - (ANSWER)decrease heart rate
glucose homeostasis - (ANSWER)2 primary hormones
insulin - (ANSWER)lowers blood glucose levels
`glucagon - (ANSWER)raises blood glucose levels
feedback - (ANSWER)process in which some part of the output of a system is returned to its input in
order to regulate its further output
open loop control system - (ANSWER)control unit ->driver -> motor
, PNB 2274 FINAL EXAM 2026 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | A+
GRADED | WITH EXPERT SOLUTIONS
closed loop control system - (ANSWER)control unit ->driver -> motor -> circles back
negative feedback loops - (ANSWER)A feedback loop in which a system responds to a change by
returning to its original state, or by decreasing the rate at which the change is occurring.
Occurs when the output of a system acts to oppose changes to the input of the system. SHUT OFF
ORIGINAL INPUT
example of negative feedback loop - (ANSWER)body temp rises ->body sweats more ->body temp drops
most common type of feedback loop? - (ANSWER)negative feedback
is negative feedback self terminating? - (ANSWER)yes
positive feedback loop - (ANSWER)Causes a system to change further in the same direction.
Occurs when the output of a system acts to increase changes to the input of the system.
AMPLIFIES STIMULUS
example of positive feedback - (ANSWER)lactation, childbirth, orgasm
produce more instability in the body
does positive feedback self terminate? - (ANSWER)not really
GRADED | WITH EXPERT SOLUTIONS
does this class suck? - (ANSWER)yes
anatomy - (ANSWER)structure
what are the walls of blood capillaries composed of? - (ANSWER)thin epithelium
simple squamous
gross anatomy - (ANSWER)what we see with the unaided eye, superficial and deep structures
microscopic anatomy - (ANSWER)requires magnification
cytology - (ANSWER)study of cells
histology - (ANSWER)study of tissue
physiology - (ANSWER)function
the structure of capillary walls, - (ANSWER)promotes nutrient and waste exchange
inferior-superior - (ANSWER)below- above
rostral- caudal - (ANSWER)front- back
anterior - posterior - (ANSWER)front- back
,PNB 2274 FINAL EXAM 2026 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | A+
GRADED | WITH EXPERT SOLUTIONS
ventral- dorsal - (ANSWER)front-back
medial -lateral - (ANSWER)towards middle- away from middle
proximal- distal - (ANSWER)nearer the trunk or attached end/farther from the trunk or point of
attachment
superficial -deep - (ANSWER)toward and away from the body surface
coronal - (ANSWER)divides into front and back
transverse - (ANSWER)divides into upper and lower
midsaggital - (ANSWER)divides into left and right
homeostasis - (ANSWER)the tendency of an organism to maintain a stable internal environment even
though the external environment changes
homeostatic control systems - (ANSWER)monitor the internal environment and correct as needed
cellular level - (ANSWER)local control
organ and organism - (ANSWER)reflex control, long distance signaling
3 major components of a control system - (ANSWER)input (input signal)->controller (integrating center)-
> output (output signal)
,PNB 2274 FINAL EXAM 2026 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | A+
GRADED | WITH EXPERT SOLUTIONS
the integrators - (ANSWER)control centers
integrators - (ANSWER)possess a set point
set points - (ANSWER)can be modified. a fever regulates back to set point, acclimatization regulates
environmental temperature
full response loop - (ANSWER)stimulus-> sensor ->input -> integrating center -> output ->target ->
response
heart rate homeostasis is an example of - (ANSWER)antagonistic homeostasis control
sympathetic nerves - (ANSWER)increase heart rate
parasympathetic nerves - (ANSWER)decrease heart rate
glucose homeostasis - (ANSWER)2 primary hormones
insulin - (ANSWER)lowers blood glucose levels
`glucagon - (ANSWER)raises blood glucose levels
feedback - (ANSWER)process in which some part of the output of a system is returned to its input in
order to regulate its further output
open loop control system - (ANSWER)control unit ->driver -> motor
, PNB 2274 FINAL EXAM 2026 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | A+
GRADED | WITH EXPERT SOLUTIONS
closed loop control system - (ANSWER)control unit ->driver -> motor -> circles back
negative feedback loops - (ANSWER)A feedback loop in which a system responds to a change by
returning to its original state, or by decreasing the rate at which the change is occurring.
Occurs when the output of a system acts to oppose changes to the input of the system. SHUT OFF
ORIGINAL INPUT
example of negative feedback loop - (ANSWER)body temp rises ->body sweats more ->body temp drops
most common type of feedback loop? - (ANSWER)negative feedback
is negative feedback self terminating? - (ANSWER)yes
positive feedback loop - (ANSWER)Causes a system to change further in the same direction.
Occurs when the output of a system acts to increase changes to the input of the system.
AMPLIFIES STIMULUS
example of positive feedback - (ANSWER)lactation, childbirth, orgasm
produce more instability in the body
does positive feedback self terminate? - (ANSWER)not really
