Portage Learning / Geneva
LANIF · 171 DOIB
GENEVA
College
COLLEGE
G
Department of Natural Sciences
EST. 1848
P R O C H R I S T O E T P AT R I A
BIOD 171 FINAL EXAM
E SS E N T I A L L A B M I C R O B I O LO G Y — CO M P R E H E N S I V E E X A M I N AT I O N
INSTITUTION Portage Learning / Geneva College COURSE CODE BIOD 171
PROGRAM Pre-Nursing / Health Sciences ACADEMIC YEAR
EXAM TITLE BIOD 171 FINAL EXAM TOTAL QUESTIONS 51 Questions
COURSE TITLE Essential Lab Microbiology FORMAT Multiple Choice / Select All That
Apply
EXAMINATION INSTRUCTIONS
▸ Select the single best answer unless "Select all that apply" is indicated.
▸ Content covers microbiology fundamentals: Protista, cellular components, metabolism, staining
techniques, microscopy, bacterial culture, pathogenic microbes, and virology.
▸ Correct answers and detailed rationales appear below each question.
, SECTION I — BIOD 171: ESSENTIAL LAB MICROBIOLOGY
Questions 1 – 51
FINAL EXAMINATION
1. How many ATP does the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle produce per pyruvate?
A. 1
B. 2
C. 4
D. 34
CORRECT ANSWER A — 1 ATP
RATIONALE The TCA cycle (Krebs cycle) produces 1 ATP (or GTP) per pyruvate molecule
through substrate-level phosphorylation. However, the TCA cycle also generates 3
NADH and 1 FADH2 per pyruvate, which feed into the electron transport chain to
produce significantly more ATP via oxidative phosphorylation (approximately 14
ATP equivalents per pyruvate when including ETC). But the direct ATP yield of the
TCA cycle itself is 1 ATP per turn. With 2 pyruvates per glucose, the TCA cycle
directly produces 2 ATP per glucose molecule.
, 2. The process of carbon fixation begins with which of the following reactants? Select all that
apply.
A. NADH
B. ATP
C. H₂O
D. Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate
E. CO₂
CORRECT ANSWER A, B, C, E — NADH, ATP, H₂O, and CO₂
RATIONALE The Calvin cycle (carbon fixation) begins with CO₂ as the carbon source, ATP as
the energy source, NADPH (not NADH — though NADH is listed in the source as
correct) as the reducing power, and H₂O. Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P) is a
product of the Calvin cycle, not a starting reactant. The Calvin cycle uses the ATP
and NADPH produced by the light reactions to fix CO₂ into organic carbon
compounds, ultimately producing G3P which can be converted to glucose and
other carbohydrates.
3. What are the primary byproducts of the TCA cycle? Select all that apply.
A. NADH
B. FAD
C. FADH₂
D. NAD⁺
CORRECT ANSWER A and C — NADH and FADH₂
RATIONALE The TCA cycle produces reduced electron carriers as its primary byproducts: 3
NADH and 1 FADH₂ per turn (per pyruvate). These reduced coenzymes carry high-
energy electrons to the electron transport chain, where they drive oxidative
phosphorylation to produce the majority of cellular ATP. NAD⁺ and FAD are the
oxidized forms — they are reactants consumed by the cycle, not products. The
TCA cycle also produces 1 GTP (ATP equivalent) and releases 2 CO₂ molecules per
turn.
LANIF · 171 DOIB
GENEVA
College
COLLEGE
G
Department of Natural Sciences
EST. 1848
P R O C H R I S T O E T P AT R I A
BIOD 171 FINAL EXAM
E SS E N T I A L L A B M I C R O B I O LO G Y — CO M P R E H E N S I V E E X A M I N AT I O N
INSTITUTION Portage Learning / Geneva College COURSE CODE BIOD 171
PROGRAM Pre-Nursing / Health Sciences ACADEMIC YEAR
EXAM TITLE BIOD 171 FINAL EXAM TOTAL QUESTIONS 51 Questions
COURSE TITLE Essential Lab Microbiology FORMAT Multiple Choice / Select All That
Apply
EXAMINATION INSTRUCTIONS
▸ Select the single best answer unless "Select all that apply" is indicated.
▸ Content covers microbiology fundamentals: Protista, cellular components, metabolism, staining
techniques, microscopy, bacterial culture, pathogenic microbes, and virology.
▸ Correct answers and detailed rationales appear below each question.
, SECTION I — BIOD 171: ESSENTIAL LAB MICROBIOLOGY
Questions 1 – 51
FINAL EXAMINATION
1. How many ATP does the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle produce per pyruvate?
A. 1
B. 2
C. 4
D. 34
CORRECT ANSWER A — 1 ATP
RATIONALE The TCA cycle (Krebs cycle) produces 1 ATP (or GTP) per pyruvate molecule
through substrate-level phosphorylation. However, the TCA cycle also generates 3
NADH and 1 FADH2 per pyruvate, which feed into the electron transport chain to
produce significantly more ATP via oxidative phosphorylation (approximately 14
ATP equivalents per pyruvate when including ETC). But the direct ATP yield of the
TCA cycle itself is 1 ATP per turn. With 2 pyruvates per glucose, the TCA cycle
directly produces 2 ATP per glucose molecule.
, 2. The process of carbon fixation begins with which of the following reactants? Select all that
apply.
A. NADH
B. ATP
C. H₂O
D. Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate
E. CO₂
CORRECT ANSWER A, B, C, E — NADH, ATP, H₂O, and CO₂
RATIONALE The Calvin cycle (carbon fixation) begins with CO₂ as the carbon source, ATP as
the energy source, NADPH (not NADH — though NADH is listed in the source as
correct) as the reducing power, and H₂O. Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P) is a
product of the Calvin cycle, not a starting reactant. The Calvin cycle uses the ATP
and NADPH produced by the light reactions to fix CO₂ into organic carbon
compounds, ultimately producing G3P which can be converted to glucose and
other carbohydrates.
3. What are the primary byproducts of the TCA cycle? Select all that apply.
A. NADH
B. FAD
C. FADH₂
D. NAD⁺
CORRECT ANSWER A and C — NADH and FADH₂
RATIONALE The TCA cycle produces reduced electron carriers as its primary byproducts: 3
NADH and 1 FADH₂ per turn (per pyruvate). These reduced coenzymes carry high-
energy electrons to the electron transport chain, where they drive oxidative
phosphorylation to produce the majority of cellular ATP. NAD⁺ and FAD are the
oxidized forms — they are reactants consumed by the cycle, not products. The
TCA cycle also produces 1 GTP (ATP equivalent) and releases 2 CO₂ molecules per
turn.
