GENERAL ORGANIC BIOCHEMISTRY REVIEW|VERIFIED QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS|RATED AND GRADED A+ NEW UPDATE|
2026/2027
methods organisms use to regulate enzyme activity - ANSWER✔ -Zymogens (proenzyme)- to free
active form
-produce enzyme only when substrate is present-common in bacteria
-allosteric enzymes-activate/deactivate
-feedback inhibition
-protein modification, usually phosphorylation, to reversibly activate or deactivate enzyme
oxidation - ANSWER✔ gain in oxygen, oxygen bonds, loss of H, loss of e
reduction - ANSWER✔ loss of oxygen, oxygen bonds, gain H, gain e
ATP - ANSWER✔ adenosine triphosphate- (coenzyme) transports chemical energy within cells for
metabolism. This is not a redox coenzyme. ATP is continuously cycling to ADP and back to ATP
Acyl Carrier Protein - ANSWER✔ expressed as an inactive apo-enzyme and must be activated by its
prosthetic group 4' phosphopantetheine. This forms a phosphate ester bond with the -OH on a serine in
the apoenzyme. The SH group attached to the Acyl function be transferred.
Prosthetic Group - ANSWER✔ a coenzyme which is tightly bound to an apoenzyme and which is not
consumed by the reaction. May be covalently bonded
Coenzyme - ANSWER✔ cofactor which is released from the active site after use and usually reformed
and rebound for the next use. Required by some enzymes.
holoenzyme - ANSWER✔ Apoenzyme + attatched Cofactors
CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS|RATED AND GRADED A+ NEW UPDATE|
2026/2027
methods organisms use to regulate enzyme activity - ANSWER✔ -Zymogens (proenzyme)- to free
active form
-produce enzyme only when substrate is present-common in bacteria
-allosteric enzymes-activate/deactivate
-feedback inhibition
-protein modification, usually phosphorylation, to reversibly activate or deactivate enzyme
oxidation - ANSWER✔ gain in oxygen, oxygen bonds, loss of H, loss of e
reduction - ANSWER✔ loss of oxygen, oxygen bonds, gain H, gain e
ATP - ANSWER✔ adenosine triphosphate- (coenzyme) transports chemical energy within cells for
metabolism. This is not a redox coenzyme. ATP is continuously cycling to ADP and back to ATP
Acyl Carrier Protein - ANSWER✔ expressed as an inactive apo-enzyme and must be activated by its
prosthetic group 4' phosphopantetheine. This forms a phosphate ester bond with the -OH on a serine in
the apoenzyme. The SH group attached to the Acyl function be transferred.
Prosthetic Group - ANSWER✔ a coenzyme which is tightly bound to an apoenzyme and which is not
consumed by the reaction. May be covalently bonded
Coenzyme - ANSWER✔ cofactor which is released from the active site after use and usually reformed
and rebound for the next use. Required by some enzymes.
holoenzyme - ANSWER✔ Apoenzyme + attatched Cofactors
