NR 603 CEA 300 ACTUAL COMPLETE
EXAM
(2026/2027) QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS |
GRADED A+ | VERIFIED ANSWERS |
LATEST EXAM | UPDATED VERSION
You're a 22-year-old male patient states during his review of systems that his
scrotum is very enlarged and feels like it is full of worms. He is a power lifter and
works as a trash collector. You suspect that patient likely has which of the
following diagnosis?
A. meningocele
B. varicocele
C. hydrocele
D. rectocele
Correct Answer: B. varicocele
Expert Rationale
A varicocele is an abnormal dilation of the pampiniform venous plexus in the
scrotum, often described as feeling like a "bag of worms." It is more common in
young men and can be associated with activities that increase intra-abdominal
pressure, such as heavy lifting (power lifting) and straining (trash collection).
,Varicoceles are typically painless and more prominent when standing. Option A
(Meningocele) is a protrusion of the meninges through a spinal defect, not a
scrotal finding. Option C (Hydrocele) is a fluid-filled sac around the testicle that
transilluminates and does not have a "bag of worms" texture. Option D
(Rectocele) is a herniation of the rectum into the vagina, not a scrotal condition.
The NP should perform a scrotal examination with the patient standing and
supine, and consider scrotal ultrasound to confirm the diagnosis.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) TOP: Varicocele Assessment MSC: NCLEX:
Physiological Integrity
The point of maximum impulse (PMI) is MOST often palpable in healthy adults
when positioned in the supine or left lateral decubitus position. Which one of
the following locations is most commonly described as the PMI in a healthy
adult?
A. Left 2nd intercostal space, midaxillary line
B. Left 5th intercostal space, midclavicular line
C. Right 4th intercostal space, midaxillary line
D. Right 2nd intercostal space, midclavicular line
Correct Answer: B. Left 5th intercostal space, midclavicular line
Expert Rationale
The point of maximum impulse (PMI) is the location on the chest wall where the
cardiac impulse is most strongly felt, corresponding to the apex of the left
ventricle. In a healthy adult, the PMI is normally located at the 5th intercostal
space at the midclavicular line. Option A (Left 2nd ICS, midaxillary line) is
incorrect; this is near the aortic area. Option C (Right 4th ICS, midaxillary line) is
incorrect; the PMI is on the left side. Option D (Right 2nd ICS, midclavicular line) is
incorrect; this is near the aortic area on the right. Displacement of the PMI may
indicate cardiomegaly or left ventricular hypertrophy. The NP should assess the
PMI during cardiac examination.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember (Knowledge) TOP: Cardiac Assessment/PMI MSC:
NCLEX: Physiological Integrity
,A 40-year-old, female, African American patient presents for history and
physical. Upon your initial assessment, you notice she has severe exophthalmos
as pictured below. Which one of the following diagnoses below would be the
highest on your differential diagnosis of this physical examination finding?
A. Bilateral conjunctivitis
B. Hyperthyroidism
C. Hypothyroidism
D. Myxedema
Correct Answer: B. Hyperthyroidism
Expert Rationale
Exophthalmos (protrusion of the eyeballs) is a classic sign of Graves' disease, the
most common cause of hyperthyroidism. It results from autoimmune
inflammation and hypertrophy of the extraocular muscles and orbital fat, causing
the eyes to bulge forward. Option A (Bilateral conjunctivitis) presents with red,
irritated eyes but not protrusion. Option C (Hypothyroidism) does not cause
exophthalmos; it may cause periorbital edema. Option D (Myxedema) is
associated with severe hypothyroidism and presents with facial puffiness, not
exophthalmos. The NP should evaluate for other signs of hyperthyroidism
(tachycardia, tremor, heat intolerance, weight loss) and order thyroid function
tests (TSH, free T4).
DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) TOP: Hyperthyroidism/Exophthalmos
MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity
Your patient with a suspected diagnosis of COPD has been seen by pulmonology
and has undergone a pulmonary function test (PFT) with spirometry. As the
patient's primary healthcare provider, you have been asked to explain the
findings of the PFT to the patient in a follow-up visit at which time the patient
asks what the study was evaluating. To describe the PFT to the patient in more
useful terms, you state that the large inspiration of air to the furthest extent
they could reasonably accomplish followed by a full exhalation is referred to as
which of the following measurements during the PFT?
A. Forced Expiratory Volume over 1 second (FEV1)
B. Functional Reserve Capacity
, C. Inspiratory Reserve
D. Forced Vital Capacity
Correct Answer: D. Forced Vital Capacity
Expert Rationale
Forced vital capacity (FVC) is the total volume of air that a patient can forcefully
exhale after taking a maximal inspiration to the fullest extent. It is a key
measurement in pulmonary function testing (spirometry) and is used to evaluate
both obstructive and restrictive lung diseases. Option A (FEV1) is the volume of air
exhaled in the first second of the FVC maneuver, which is used to assess airway
obstruction. Option B (Functional Reserve Capacity) is the volume of air remaining
in the lungs after normal expiration. Option C (Inspiratory Reserve) is the
additional air that can be inhaled after a normal tidal inspiration. The NP should
explain the PFT results in simple terms and discuss their implications for COPD
management.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Understand (Comprehension) TOP: Pulmonary Function
Testing MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity
Your patient has a diagnosis of Addison's disease. Which of the following might
you expect to find during examination?
A. Abdominal striae
B. Dowager hump
C. Low body temperature
D. Moon face
Correct Answer: C. Low body temperature
Expert Rationale
Addison's disease (primary adrenal insufficiency) is characterized by deficiency of
cortisol and aldosterone. Common findings include fatigue, weight loss,
hypotension, hyperpigmentation (due to increased ACTH), hyponatremia,
hyperkalemia, and hypothermia (low body temperature). Option A (Abdominal
striae), Option B (Dowager hump), and Option D (Moon face) are features of
Cushing's syndrome (cortisol excess), not Addison's disease. The NP should assess
for signs of adrenal crisis and initiate glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid
replacement therapy.
EXAM
(2026/2027) QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS |
GRADED A+ | VERIFIED ANSWERS |
LATEST EXAM | UPDATED VERSION
You're a 22-year-old male patient states during his review of systems that his
scrotum is very enlarged and feels like it is full of worms. He is a power lifter and
works as a trash collector. You suspect that patient likely has which of the
following diagnosis?
A. meningocele
B. varicocele
C. hydrocele
D. rectocele
Correct Answer: B. varicocele
Expert Rationale
A varicocele is an abnormal dilation of the pampiniform venous plexus in the
scrotum, often described as feeling like a "bag of worms." It is more common in
young men and can be associated with activities that increase intra-abdominal
pressure, such as heavy lifting (power lifting) and straining (trash collection).
,Varicoceles are typically painless and more prominent when standing. Option A
(Meningocele) is a protrusion of the meninges through a spinal defect, not a
scrotal finding. Option C (Hydrocele) is a fluid-filled sac around the testicle that
transilluminates and does not have a "bag of worms" texture. Option D
(Rectocele) is a herniation of the rectum into the vagina, not a scrotal condition.
The NP should perform a scrotal examination with the patient standing and
supine, and consider scrotal ultrasound to confirm the diagnosis.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) TOP: Varicocele Assessment MSC: NCLEX:
Physiological Integrity
The point of maximum impulse (PMI) is MOST often palpable in healthy adults
when positioned in the supine or left lateral decubitus position. Which one of
the following locations is most commonly described as the PMI in a healthy
adult?
A. Left 2nd intercostal space, midaxillary line
B. Left 5th intercostal space, midclavicular line
C. Right 4th intercostal space, midaxillary line
D. Right 2nd intercostal space, midclavicular line
Correct Answer: B. Left 5th intercostal space, midclavicular line
Expert Rationale
The point of maximum impulse (PMI) is the location on the chest wall where the
cardiac impulse is most strongly felt, corresponding to the apex of the left
ventricle. In a healthy adult, the PMI is normally located at the 5th intercostal
space at the midclavicular line. Option A (Left 2nd ICS, midaxillary line) is
incorrect; this is near the aortic area. Option C (Right 4th ICS, midaxillary line) is
incorrect; the PMI is on the left side. Option D (Right 2nd ICS, midclavicular line) is
incorrect; this is near the aortic area on the right. Displacement of the PMI may
indicate cardiomegaly or left ventricular hypertrophy. The NP should assess the
PMI during cardiac examination.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember (Knowledge) TOP: Cardiac Assessment/PMI MSC:
NCLEX: Physiological Integrity
,A 40-year-old, female, African American patient presents for history and
physical. Upon your initial assessment, you notice she has severe exophthalmos
as pictured below. Which one of the following diagnoses below would be the
highest on your differential diagnosis of this physical examination finding?
A. Bilateral conjunctivitis
B. Hyperthyroidism
C. Hypothyroidism
D. Myxedema
Correct Answer: B. Hyperthyroidism
Expert Rationale
Exophthalmos (protrusion of the eyeballs) is a classic sign of Graves' disease, the
most common cause of hyperthyroidism. It results from autoimmune
inflammation and hypertrophy of the extraocular muscles and orbital fat, causing
the eyes to bulge forward. Option A (Bilateral conjunctivitis) presents with red,
irritated eyes but not protrusion. Option C (Hypothyroidism) does not cause
exophthalmos; it may cause periorbital edema. Option D (Myxedema) is
associated with severe hypothyroidism and presents with facial puffiness, not
exophthalmos. The NP should evaluate for other signs of hyperthyroidism
(tachycardia, tremor, heat intolerance, weight loss) and order thyroid function
tests (TSH, free T4).
DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) TOP: Hyperthyroidism/Exophthalmos
MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity
Your patient with a suspected diagnosis of COPD has been seen by pulmonology
and has undergone a pulmonary function test (PFT) with spirometry. As the
patient's primary healthcare provider, you have been asked to explain the
findings of the PFT to the patient in a follow-up visit at which time the patient
asks what the study was evaluating. To describe the PFT to the patient in more
useful terms, you state that the large inspiration of air to the furthest extent
they could reasonably accomplish followed by a full exhalation is referred to as
which of the following measurements during the PFT?
A. Forced Expiratory Volume over 1 second (FEV1)
B. Functional Reserve Capacity
, C. Inspiratory Reserve
D. Forced Vital Capacity
Correct Answer: D. Forced Vital Capacity
Expert Rationale
Forced vital capacity (FVC) is the total volume of air that a patient can forcefully
exhale after taking a maximal inspiration to the fullest extent. It is a key
measurement in pulmonary function testing (spirometry) and is used to evaluate
both obstructive and restrictive lung diseases. Option A (FEV1) is the volume of air
exhaled in the first second of the FVC maneuver, which is used to assess airway
obstruction. Option B (Functional Reserve Capacity) is the volume of air remaining
in the lungs after normal expiration. Option C (Inspiratory Reserve) is the
additional air that can be inhaled after a normal tidal inspiration. The NP should
explain the PFT results in simple terms and discuss their implications for COPD
management.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Understand (Comprehension) TOP: Pulmonary Function
Testing MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity
Your patient has a diagnosis of Addison's disease. Which of the following might
you expect to find during examination?
A. Abdominal striae
B. Dowager hump
C. Low body temperature
D. Moon face
Correct Answer: C. Low body temperature
Expert Rationale
Addison's disease (primary adrenal insufficiency) is characterized by deficiency of
cortisol and aldosterone. Common findings include fatigue, weight loss,
hypotension, hyperpigmentation (due to increased ACTH), hyponatremia,
hyperkalemia, and hypothermia (low body temperature). Option A (Abdominal
striae), Option B (Dowager hump), and Option D (Moon face) are features of
Cushing's syndrome (cortisol excess), not Addison's disease. The NP should assess
for signs of adrenal crisis and initiate glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid
replacement therapy.
