Pregnancy, Lactation, Genetics
NURS 5432 2026 Exam All
Answers and Illustrations
Given
USPSTF cervical cancer screening under age 21y - ANSWER ✔✔no
screening
USPSTF cervical cancer screening age 21y-29y - ANSWER
✔✔cytology q3y
USPSTF cervical cancer screening age 30-65y - ANSWER ✔✔any
one of the following"
,1. cytology q3y
2. FDA-approved primary hrHPV testing q5y
3. Co-testing (combined cytology & hrHPV testing) q5y
USPSTF cervical cancer screening over age 65 - ANSWER ✔✔no
screening necessary with adequate prior negative testing hx
USPSTF cervical cancer screening for women w/hysterectomy and
removal of cervix ("total hysterectomy") - ANSWER ✔✔no screening
in absence of h/o high grade precancerous cervical lesions or cervical
cancer
At what age does the American Cancer Society recommend annual
mammograms SHOULD begin? - ANSWER ✔✔45 (CAN begin 40-
44yo but SHOULD at 45)
At what age does the American Cancer Society states annual
mammograms CAN begin? - ANSWER ✔✔40yo (SHOULD begin no
later than 45 yo)
At what age does the ACS states women can choose to switch to every
other year mammograms rather than annually if they wish? -
ANSWER ✔✔55yo
,If a woman is considered high risk for breast cancer, at what age does
the ACS recommend beginning annual screening? - ANSWER
✔✔30yo
What medical history would place a woman in the high-risk category for
breast cancer development, prompting a recommendation to start
screening with annual mammo and MRI at age 30y? - ANSWER
✔✔1. Having a lifetime risk of breast cancer of about 20% to 25% or
greater, according to risk assessment tools that are based mainly on
family history.
http://cancer.org/cancerrisk/
2. Having a known BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene mutation based on genetic
testing
3. Having a first-degree relative with a BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene mutation
4. Had radiation therapy to the chest before they were 30 years old
5. Have Li-Fraumeni syndrome, Cowden syndrome, or Bannayan-Riley-
Ruvalcaba syndrome, or have first-degree relatives with one of these
syndromes
Key diagnostic points for fibrocystic condition of the breast -
ANSWER ✔✔Painful breast masses; often multiple and bilateral.
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, Rapid fluctuation in mass size is common - patient may present with
sudden onset large painful breast mass
Pain often worsens during premenstrual phase of cycle.
Most common age is 30-50 years. Rare in postmenopausal women not
receiving hormonal replacement.
Most frequent lesion of the breast - ANSWER ✔✔Fibrocystic
condition
What is considered to be the primary causative factor of fibrocystic
condition of the breast? - ANSWER ✔✔Estrogen
What variants of fibrocystic breast conditions are thought to increase
cancer risk? - ANSWER ✔✔variants with a component of epithelial
proliferation (especially with atypia), papillomatosis, or increased breast
density on mammogram
A patient presents with a breast mass that you suspect may be
fibrocystic in nature. You perform aspiration. What results of this
treatment would prompt obtaining a biopsy of the mass? - ANSWER
✔✔-no fluid is obtained during aspiration
-fluid is bloody
-mass persists after aspiration