NSG 530 / NSG 530
EXAM 4 STUDY GUIDE
Advanced Pathophysiology – Wilkes
THIS GUIDE CONTAINS:
tailored to advanced practice nursing students
at Wilkes University.
Focusing on key concepts
is organized for clarity and comprehensive review.
Expert-Verified
,## NSG 530 Exam 4 Study Guide
### Hematologic Disorders
#### Anemia
**1. Iron Deficiency Anemia**
- **Pathophysiology:** Caused by decreased iron availability for
erythropoiesis due to blood loss, inadequate intake/absorption, or
increased demand (e.g., pregnancy).
- **Clinical Features:** Microcytic, hypochromic anemia. Fatigue,
pallor, pica.
- **Diagnostics:** ↓ Ferritin, ↑ TIBC, ↓ serum iron, microcytic
RBCs.
- **Treatment:** Address underlying cause, oral iron
supplementation.
**2. Pernicious Anemia**
- **Pathophysiology:** Vitamin B12 deficiency due to lack of
intrinsic factor, often autoimmune.
, - **Clinical Features:** Macrocytic anemia; neurologic symptoms
(paresthesia, ataxia).
- **Diagnostics:** ↑ MCV, low serum B12, anti-intrinsic factor
antibodies.
- **Treatment:** Parenteral vitamin B12 (cyanocobalamin)
injections.
**3. Anemia of Chronic Disease**
- **Pathophysiology:** Chronic inflammation causes impaired iron
utilization; often seen in chronic infections, autoimmune disorders,
malignancy.
- **Diagnostics:** Normocytic or microcytic anemia, ↑ ferritin, ↓
TIBC.
- **Treatment:** Manage underlying disease; erythropoietin if
severe.
**4. Thalassemia**
- **Pathophysiology:** Inherited defects in hemoglobin synthesis
(alpha or beta chains).
EXAM 4 STUDY GUIDE
Advanced Pathophysiology – Wilkes
THIS GUIDE CONTAINS:
tailored to advanced practice nursing students
at Wilkes University.
Focusing on key concepts
is organized for clarity and comprehensive review.
Expert-Verified
,## NSG 530 Exam 4 Study Guide
### Hematologic Disorders
#### Anemia
**1. Iron Deficiency Anemia**
- **Pathophysiology:** Caused by decreased iron availability for
erythropoiesis due to blood loss, inadequate intake/absorption, or
increased demand (e.g., pregnancy).
- **Clinical Features:** Microcytic, hypochromic anemia. Fatigue,
pallor, pica.
- **Diagnostics:** ↓ Ferritin, ↑ TIBC, ↓ serum iron, microcytic
RBCs.
- **Treatment:** Address underlying cause, oral iron
supplementation.
**2. Pernicious Anemia**
- **Pathophysiology:** Vitamin B12 deficiency due to lack of
intrinsic factor, often autoimmune.
, - **Clinical Features:** Macrocytic anemia; neurologic symptoms
(paresthesia, ataxia).
- **Diagnostics:** ↑ MCV, low serum B12, anti-intrinsic factor
antibodies.
- **Treatment:** Parenteral vitamin B12 (cyanocobalamin)
injections.
**3. Anemia of Chronic Disease**
- **Pathophysiology:** Chronic inflammation causes impaired iron
utilization; often seen in chronic infections, autoimmune disorders,
malignancy.
- **Diagnostics:** Normocytic or microcytic anemia, ↑ ferritin, ↓
TIBC.
- **Treatment:** Manage underlying disease; erythropoietin if
severe.
**4. Thalassemia**
- **Pathophysiology:** Inherited defects in hemoglobin synthesis
(alpha or beta chains).
