Community As Partner Theory And Practice in Nursing 6th edition by Anderson

Community As Partner Theory And Practice in Nursing 6th edition by Anderson – Test Bank Sample Test chapter 3 Name: __________________________ Date: _____________ 1. The concept of prevention is a key component of modern community health practice. Which of the following is an example of primary prevention? A) Immunization clinic for seasonal influenza B) Blood pressure screening for hypertension C) Audiometric testing for hearing impairment D) Skin test for tuberculosis 2. The concept of prevention is a key component of modern community health practice. Which of the following is an example of secondary prevention? A) Wearing of protective devices to prevent injury B) Phenylalanine testing for phenylketonuria in infancy C) Physical therapy for stroke victims D) Exercise programs for heart attack victims 3. The concept of prevention is a key component of modern community health practice. What is the goal of tertiary prevention? A) General health promotion, such as nutrition, hygiene, exercise, and environmental protection B) Specific health promotion, such as immunizations and the wearing of protective devices to prevent injuries C) Detect and treat a problem at the earliest possible stage when disease or impairment already exists D) Limit disability and rehabilitate or restore affected people to their maximum possible capacities 4. Use of the epidemiologic process can significantly enhance community health practice, providing both a body of knowledge and a methodology for investigating health problems and evaluating health services. What is descriptive epidemiology? A) It focuses on the distribution of frequencies and patterns of health events with groups in a population. B) It is the study of the distribution and determinants of health-related states or events in specified populations and the application of this study to improve health. C) It is people with a common characteristic, such as gender, age, and place of residence. D) It seeks to identify associations between a particular disease or health problem and its etiology. 5. Epidemiology and demography are sciences for studying population health. What is demography? A) Statistical study of human populations with reference to size and density, distribution, and vital statistics B) Information about significant characteristics of a population that influence community needs and the delivery of health care services C) Descriptions and comparisons of populations according to the characteristics of age; race; sex; socioeconomic status; geographic distribution; and birth, death, marriage, and divorce patterns D) Health implications that may or may not be addressed by the investigators. 6. There are several commonly used rates when applying epidemiology and demography to the practice of community health. What is the prevalence rate? A) (Number of new cases of specified health condition during time interval/Estimated midinterval population at risk) ´ 1,000 B) (Number of current cases of a specified health condition at a given point in time/Estimated population at risk at same point) ´ 1,000 C) (Number of deaths of infants aged < 1 year during time interval/Total live births during time interval) ´ 1,000 D) (Number of deaths from puerperal cases during 1 year/Number of live births during same year) ´ 100,000 7. To be valid, a screening test must distinguish correctly between those people who have the condition and those who do not. This ability to distinguish is measured by the test’s sensitivity and specificity. Sensitivity and specificity of a screening test are important. What is specificity of a screening test? A) True positives/Total diseased B) True negatives/Total not diseased C) False negatives/Total diseased or 1 – Sensitivity D) False positives/Total not diseased or 1 – Specificity 8. How does the web of causation view a health condition? A) The result of individual factors B) Complex interrelationships of numerous factors interacting to increase the risk of disease only C) Complex interrelationships of numerous factors interacting to decrease the risk of disease only D) Complex interrelationships of numerous factors interacting to increase or decrease the risk of disease 9. What is proportionate mortality rate? A) (Number of deaths due to a specific cause/Total number of deaths from all cases) ´ 100 B) (Number of deaths of infants aged < 1 year during time interval/Total live births during time interval) ´ 1000 C) (Number of deaths from puerperal cases during 1 year/Number of live births during same year) ´ 100,000 D) (Number of live births during a time interval/Estimated midinterval population) ´ 1000 10. In epidemiologic studies, data and statistics make comparison possible among populations. Which is an example of proportion? A) 2,000 motorcycle fatalities, 1,900 are male and 100 are female. The number of males compared to number of females (1900/100 or 19 males to 1 female). B) 2,000 motorcycle fatalities, 1,900 are male and 100 are female; the percentage of males to females would be 1,900/2,000 multiplied by 100, which equals 95%. C) Crude death rates for heart disease in Florida and Texas were 288.0 and 190.0 per 100,000 persons, respectively. D) 20,000 people experience seasonal influenza/the total population of New York State residents less than 20 years of age ´ 100,000. 11. Rates enable researchers to compare different populations in terms of health problems or conditions. What time frame are the majority of rates based upon? A) Day B) Week C) Month D) Year 12. Rates enable researchers to compare different populations in terms of health problems or conditions. What is an adjusted rate? A) Computed for a population as a whole B) Rates related to demographic factors C) (Number of people who experience a condition/population at risk experiencing a condition) ´ 1000 D) Summary measure in which statistical procedures remove the effect of differences in the composition of the various populations 13. To investigate potential relationships between health conditions and other factors, analytic measures of community health are required. What is relative risk? A) Incidence among those exposed/incidence rate among those not exposed B) Odds of having the condition when the suspected factor is present/odds of having the condition when not exposed to the factor C) Measures the difference between the incidence rates for those exposed and those not exposed to the risk factor D) Identifies whether those in the exposed group will develop the disease or condition when compared with those not exposed 14. To investigate potential relationships between health conditions and other factors, analytic measures of community health are required. Which is an example of an external relative risk factor? A) Age B) Exercise C) Gender D) Race 15. Investigations of population health generally examine relationships or associations between variables. What is a dependent variable? A) Constant characteristics or phenomena and the health conditions being studied B) Control group and comparison group of the research study C) Outcome or result that the investigator is studying which can change D) Presumed cause of or contributor to variation in the variable 16. An association may meet all the criteria for causation and later be shown to be false or factitious because of factors that were not known at the time the study was done. Investigators must interpret results with great caution; they rarely consider a cause “proven.” Which is a widely used criterion for evaluating causation? A) Association is not strong. B) Association is not specific. C) Association is temporally correct. D) Association i