NUR 170 EXAM 3 UPDATED ACTUAL
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
◉ Why does the brain need a constant supply of glucose?
Answer: glucose cannot be stored and may exhibit stroke-like
symptoms without it.
◉ What hormone raises blood sugar levels?
Answer: glucagon
◉ What is Type 1 diabetes?
Answer: an absolute absence of insulin, requiring lifelong insulin
therapy.
◉ What is a common age of onset for Type 1 diabetes?
Answer: typically occurs in individuals younger than 30.
◉ What is the primary cause of Type 1 diabetes?
Answer: autoimmune destruction of beta cells in the pancreas.
◉ What is Type 2 diabetes?
Answer: often adult-onset and is associated with insulin resistance.
,◉ List some risk factors for diabetes testing.
Answer: Obesity, Native American, African American, Hispanic,
Pacific Islander descent, gestational diabetes, high blood pressure,
low HDL, high triglycerides, A1C > 5.7%, fasting blood sugar > 100,
history of vascular disease, and veterans exposed to Agent Orange.
◉ What are the signs and symptoms of hyperglycemia?
Answer: Polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia, weight loss, blurred vision,
paresthesia, and yeast infections.
◉ What are severe symptoms of hyperglycemia?
Answer: Elevated serum ketones, hypovolemia, acidosis, Kussmaul
respirations, fruity breath, and electrolyte imbalances.
◉ What is the significance of Acanthosis Nigricans?
Answer: It indicates insulin resistance and is characterized by
darkening of skin folds.
◉ What blood test results indicate diabetes?
Answer: Fasting BG > 126, random BG > 200, A1C >= 6.5%, or a 75
gm glucose tolerance test with plasma glucose > 200.
◉ What is the initial treatment for Type 2 diabetes?
, Answer: lifestyle changes combined with Metformin.
◉ What is Metformin's mechanism of action?
Answer: decreases glucose production in the liver and does not
cause hypoglycemia.
◉ What are the contraindications for Metformin?
Answer: It can cause lactic acidosis in patients with kidney
impairment (creatinine > 1.5 in men, > 1.4 in women, GFR < 46).
◉ What are Sulfonylureas and their side effects?
Answer: stimulate insulin release from beta cells and can cause
weight gain and hypoglycemia.
◉ What do Thiazolidinediones (TZDs) do?
Answer: decrease glucose production and increase insulin
sensitivity but have contraindications in heart failure and liver
disturbances.
◉ What is the role of GLP-1 Agonists?
Answer: augment insulin secretion post-prandially and can cause
weight loss.
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
◉ Why does the brain need a constant supply of glucose?
Answer: glucose cannot be stored and may exhibit stroke-like
symptoms without it.
◉ What hormone raises blood sugar levels?
Answer: glucagon
◉ What is Type 1 diabetes?
Answer: an absolute absence of insulin, requiring lifelong insulin
therapy.
◉ What is a common age of onset for Type 1 diabetes?
Answer: typically occurs in individuals younger than 30.
◉ What is the primary cause of Type 1 diabetes?
Answer: autoimmune destruction of beta cells in the pancreas.
◉ What is Type 2 diabetes?
Answer: often adult-onset and is associated with insulin resistance.
,◉ List some risk factors for diabetes testing.
Answer: Obesity, Native American, African American, Hispanic,
Pacific Islander descent, gestational diabetes, high blood pressure,
low HDL, high triglycerides, A1C > 5.7%, fasting blood sugar > 100,
history of vascular disease, and veterans exposed to Agent Orange.
◉ What are the signs and symptoms of hyperglycemia?
Answer: Polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia, weight loss, blurred vision,
paresthesia, and yeast infections.
◉ What are severe symptoms of hyperglycemia?
Answer: Elevated serum ketones, hypovolemia, acidosis, Kussmaul
respirations, fruity breath, and electrolyte imbalances.
◉ What is the significance of Acanthosis Nigricans?
Answer: It indicates insulin resistance and is characterized by
darkening of skin folds.
◉ What blood test results indicate diabetes?
Answer: Fasting BG > 126, random BG > 200, A1C >= 6.5%, or a 75
gm glucose tolerance test with plasma glucose > 200.
◉ What is the initial treatment for Type 2 diabetes?
, Answer: lifestyle changes combined with Metformin.
◉ What is Metformin's mechanism of action?
Answer: decreases glucose production in the liver and does not
cause hypoglycemia.
◉ What are the contraindications for Metformin?
Answer: It can cause lactic acidosis in patients with kidney
impairment (creatinine > 1.5 in men, > 1.4 in women, GFR < 46).
◉ What are Sulfonylureas and their side effects?
Answer: stimulate insulin release from beta cells and can cause
weight gain and hypoglycemia.
◉ What do Thiazolidinediones (TZDs) do?
Answer: decrease glucose production and increase insulin
sensitivity but have contraindications in heart failure and liver
disturbances.
◉ What is the role of GLP-1 Agonists?
Answer: augment insulin secretion post-prandially and can cause
weight loss.
