NUR 113 EXAM 2 MOCK TEST WITH ANSWER
RATIONALES 2026
◉ Platelets.
Answer: 150,000-400,000
◉ BUN.
Answer: 6-20 mg/dL Increased in GI bleed, dehydration, high
protein, fever and sepsis. Decreased in liver dz, low protein, FVE, and
pregnancy
◉ Creatinine.
Answer: 0.6-1.2 mg/dL
◉ BUN/Creatinine Ratio.
Answer: 10:1 to 20:1
◉ glomerular filtration rate.
Answer: 90-125 ml/min
◉ Hemoglobin.
,Answer: 12-18 g/dL
◉ Hematocrit (Hct).
Answer: 36%-54%
◉ Albumin.
Answer: 3.4-5.0
◉ Urine output.
Answer: 30 mL/hr or 0.5-2 ml/kg/hr
◉ Urine pH.
Answer: 4-8
Higher: chronic renal failure, vegetarian diet
Lower: dehydration, emphysema
◉ Urine Specific Gravity.
Answer: 1.010-1.025
◉ Potassium (k).
Answer: 3.5-5.0 mEq/L
,◉ Sodium.
Answer: 135-145 mEq/L
◉ Urine Sodium.
Answer: 75-200 mEq/day
◉ Magnesium.
Answer: 1.8-3 mg/dL
◉ Calcium.
Answer: 8.5-10.5 mg/dL
◉ PO4.
Answer: 2.5-4.5 mg/dL
◉ PaCO2`.
Answer: 35-45 mm/hg
◉ PaO2.
Answer: 80-100 mmHg
◉ Hco3.
, Answer: 22-26 mEq/L
◉ Infections risk factors.
Answer: Newborns, infants, and children--Immune systems are not
fully developed (lack of antibodies); Shorter airways/eustachian
tubes; schools, daycares; little control of their environments. Over
65--immunocompromised; chronic illnesses; brittle bones,
increased SC fat, decreased muscle mass; immobility; incontinence;
malnourishment, dehydration. Smokers--Structural changes to
respiratory and GI tract (increased inflammation and mucosal
permeability); alterations in immune response. Diabetics--High
blood sugar weakens immune response; reduced blood flow to the
extremities; nerve damage. Preexisting chronic illness--difficulty
clearing bacteria; immunosuppression.
◉ chain of infection.
Answer: infectious agent--Bacteria(Rickettsiae); fungi (Protozoa);
Viruses
Reservoir--where it survives (people, water, equipment), Portal of
exit (secretions, excretions, skin)
Mode of transmission-- Direct contact; Ingestion; fomites; Airborne
Portal of entry--Mucous membranes; GI tract; GU tract; Respiratory
tract; broken skin
Susceptible host--Immunosuppression; Diabetes; Surgery; burns;
elderly
RATIONALES 2026
◉ Platelets.
Answer: 150,000-400,000
◉ BUN.
Answer: 6-20 mg/dL Increased in GI bleed, dehydration, high
protein, fever and sepsis. Decreased in liver dz, low protein, FVE, and
pregnancy
◉ Creatinine.
Answer: 0.6-1.2 mg/dL
◉ BUN/Creatinine Ratio.
Answer: 10:1 to 20:1
◉ glomerular filtration rate.
Answer: 90-125 ml/min
◉ Hemoglobin.
,Answer: 12-18 g/dL
◉ Hematocrit (Hct).
Answer: 36%-54%
◉ Albumin.
Answer: 3.4-5.0
◉ Urine output.
Answer: 30 mL/hr or 0.5-2 ml/kg/hr
◉ Urine pH.
Answer: 4-8
Higher: chronic renal failure, vegetarian diet
Lower: dehydration, emphysema
◉ Urine Specific Gravity.
Answer: 1.010-1.025
◉ Potassium (k).
Answer: 3.5-5.0 mEq/L
,◉ Sodium.
Answer: 135-145 mEq/L
◉ Urine Sodium.
Answer: 75-200 mEq/day
◉ Magnesium.
Answer: 1.8-3 mg/dL
◉ Calcium.
Answer: 8.5-10.5 mg/dL
◉ PO4.
Answer: 2.5-4.5 mg/dL
◉ PaCO2`.
Answer: 35-45 mm/hg
◉ PaO2.
Answer: 80-100 mmHg
◉ Hco3.
, Answer: 22-26 mEq/L
◉ Infections risk factors.
Answer: Newborns, infants, and children--Immune systems are not
fully developed (lack of antibodies); Shorter airways/eustachian
tubes; schools, daycares; little control of their environments. Over
65--immunocompromised; chronic illnesses; brittle bones,
increased SC fat, decreased muscle mass; immobility; incontinence;
malnourishment, dehydration. Smokers--Structural changes to
respiratory and GI tract (increased inflammation and mucosal
permeability); alterations in immune response. Diabetics--High
blood sugar weakens immune response; reduced blood flow to the
extremities; nerve damage. Preexisting chronic illness--difficulty
clearing bacteria; immunosuppression.
◉ chain of infection.
Answer: infectious agent--Bacteria(Rickettsiae); fungi (Protozoa);
Viruses
Reservoir--where it survives (people, water, equipment), Portal of
exit (secretions, excretions, skin)
Mode of transmission-- Direct contact; Ingestion; fomites; Airborne
Portal of entry--Mucous membranes; GI tract; GU tract; Respiratory
tract; broken skin
Susceptible host--Immunosuppression; Diabetes; Surgery; burns;
elderly
