KAAP180 FINAL QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED
ANSWERS
This study investigated the evolution of skiing velocity, cycle length, and cycle rate in
elite and subelite skiers during cross-country ski races. Senior male cross-country
skiers were videotaped as they skied two different 30 meter sections of a race; a 7
degrees uphill section and a flat section. Results demonstrated that faster skiers had
longer cycle lengths than slower skiers. Cycle rate was not different between skiers of
different performance levels. Decreased velocity observed during the second half of the
race was almost entirely due to a decrease in cycle length. We conclude that slower
athletes should emphasize extending cycle length during their technical training.
Therefore, skiers should place an emphasis on strength and power training to increase
their kick and pole pushes and enhance cycle length.
A summary like this at the beginning of a paper is called the - Answers - abstract
Compared to shod runners, barefoot runners tend to have which of the following
biomechanical characteristics. Select all that apply. - Answers - lower impact peaks
shorter stride length
higher stride frequency
In the paper about triathlon transitions, which of the following best categorizes the
dependent variables? - Answers - the kinematics of running
This is a multiple response question. Select all the true statements about the figure
below. In this study, patients with anterior knee pain either received the standard
physical therapy care (control group) or a new treatment called gait retraining
(experimental group). In gait retraining, the physical therapist taught them how to run as
forefoot strikers. The follow-up measurement was 1 month after the last PT session. -
Answers - Pain decreased in the Experimental Group and stayed low one month after
the therapy ended.
The dependent variable is Pain Rating.
You are interested in losing some weight and your roommate has been trying to
convince you to try the Keto diet for weight loss. This is a high fat low carbohydrate diet.
They lost 15 pounds in 8 weeks after switching to Keto. You have also heard that there
may be risks associated with the Keto diet and you wonder what happens to body
weight (or metabolism) once a person stops the diet. You decide to look for better types
of evidence to inform your decision. You disregard your roommate's experience in your
decision making process because it is only ____________ evidence. - Answers -
anecdotal
In the paper about triathlon transitions (Gottschall and Palmer) the authors proposed a
mechanism to explain how prior bicycling cadence might affect running performance.
, Which item below most accurately represents the authors' suggestion? - Answers -
Through perseveration the human body will involuntarily continue the rhythm of a
preceding movement if the preceding movement is performed for an extended period of
time.
In the PBS video about the marathon, the speaker discusses several pieces of
information about why humans are well equipped for running. The majority of his
support for this position comes from which discipline? - Answers - evolutionary biology
Scientific evidence suggests that recreational runners who switch from a rearfoot strike
pattern to a forefoot strike pattern (gait retraining) have reductions in knee pain. -
Answers - true
A researcher is interested in the effects of caffeine on reaction time. In an experiment,
20 research participants (subjects) are given beverages with different amounts of
caffeine (dose) and reaction time is measured with a precise timing system. Which of
the following is the independent variable in this study. - Answers - caffeine dose
In the paper about triathlon transitions (Gottschall and Palmer) , the methods are
aligned with one subdiscipline of kinesiology, and the mechanistic explanation is aligned
with another. Select the two subdisciplines below. - Answers - motor behavior (motor
control, motor learning, motor development)
biomechanics
In the peer review process, 2 individuals recommend that a paper should be published
after minor revisions and 1 individual recommends that the paper should be rejected
due to severe flaws in the experiment. These individuals would be the
_______________. - Answers - reviewers
Select the statement that correctly describes the development of power in vertical
jumping. - Answers - power generated by knee extension can be transferred to ankle
plantarflexion power through biarticular muscles.
In the PBS video about Marathon, there was a section about Hitting the Wall. What two
physiological systems were most involved in this condition?
Correct answer:
nervous - Answers - nervous system
energy system
Which of the following items below is one of the main components of the endocrine
system? - Answers - hormone
The statement below is an example of ____________________________.
"Footwear providing minimal interference with the natural movement of the foot due to
its high flexibility, low heel-to-toe drop, weight and stack height, and the absence of
motion control and stability devices." - Answers - operational definition
ANSWERS
This study investigated the evolution of skiing velocity, cycle length, and cycle rate in
elite and subelite skiers during cross-country ski races. Senior male cross-country
skiers were videotaped as they skied two different 30 meter sections of a race; a 7
degrees uphill section and a flat section. Results demonstrated that faster skiers had
longer cycle lengths than slower skiers. Cycle rate was not different between skiers of
different performance levels. Decreased velocity observed during the second half of the
race was almost entirely due to a decrease in cycle length. We conclude that slower
athletes should emphasize extending cycle length during their technical training.
Therefore, skiers should place an emphasis on strength and power training to increase
their kick and pole pushes and enhance cycle length.
A summary like this at the beginning of a paper is called the - Answers - abstract
Compared to shod runners, barefoot runners tend to have which of the following
biomechanical characteristics. Select all that apply. - Answers - lower impact peaks
shorter stride length
higher stride frequency
In the paper about triathlon transitions, which of the following best categorizes the
dependent variables? - Answers - the kinematics of running
This is a multiple response question. Select all the true statements about the figure
below. In this study, patients with anterior knee pain either received the standard
physical therapy care (control group) or a new treatment called gait retraining
(experimental group). In gait retraining, the physical therapist taught them how to run as
forefoot strikers. The follow-up measurement was 1 month after the last PT session. -
Answers - Pain decreased in the Experimental Group and stayed low one month after
the therapy ended.
The dependent variable is Pain Rating.
You are interested in losing some weight and your roommate has been trying to
convince you to try the Keto diet for weight loss. This is a high fat low carbohydrate diet.
They lost 15 pounds in 8 weeks after switching to Keto. You have also heard that there
may be risks associated with the Keto diet and you wonder what happens to body
weight (or metabolism) once a person stops the diet. You decide to look for better types
of evidence to inform your decision. You disregard your roommate's experience in your
decision making process because it is only ____________ evidence. - Answers -
anecdotal
In the paper about triathlon transitions (Gottschall and Palmer) the authors proposed a
mechanism to explain how prior bicycling cadence might affect running performance.
, Which item below most accurately represents the authors' suggestion? - Answers -
Through perseveration the human body will involuntarily continue the rhythm of a
preceding movement if the preceding movement is performed for an extended period of
time.
In the PBS video about the marathon, the speaker discusses several pieces of
information about why humans are well equipped for running. The majority of his
support for this position comes from which discipline? - Answers - evolutionary biology
Scientific evidence suggests that recreational runners who switch from a rearfoot strike
pattern to a forefoot strike pattern (gait retraining) have reductions in knee pain. -
Answers - true
A researcher is interested in the effects of caffeine on reaction time. In an experiment,
20 research participants (subjects) are given beverages with different amounts of
caffeine (dose) and reaction time is measured with a precise timing system. Which of
the following is the independent variable in this study. - Answers - caffeine dose
In the paper about triathlon transitions (Gottschall and Palmer) , the methods are
aligned with one subdiscipline of kinesiology, and the mechanistic explanation is aligned
with another. Select the two subdisciplines below. - Answers - motor behavior (motor
control, motor learning, motor development)
biomechanics
In the peer review process, 2 individuals recommend that a paper should be published
after minor revisions and 1 individual recommends that the paper should be rejected
due to severe flaws in the experiment. These individuals would be the
_______________. - Answers - reviewers
Select the statement that correctly describes the development of power in vertical
jumping. - Answers - power generated by knee extension can be transferred to ankle
plantarflexion power through biarticular muscles.
In the PBS video about Marathon, there was a section about Hitting the Wall. What two
physiological systems were most involved in this condition?
Correct answer:
nervous - Answers - nervous system
energy system
Which of the following items below is one of the main components of the endocrine
system? - Answers - hormone
The statement below is an example of ____________________________.
"Footwear providing minimal interference with the natural movement of the foot due to
its high flexibility, low heel-to-toe drop, weight and stack height, and the absence of
motion control and stability devices." - Answers - operational definition
