General & Craniofacial Embryology
1. Which cell division process reduces the chromosome number by half?
A. Mitosis
B. Apoptosis
C. Meiosis
D. Cytokinesis
2. Oogonia become primary oocytes by entering which phase before birth?
A. Anaphase I
B. Prophase I of meiosis I
C. Telophase II
D. Metaphase II
3. Ovulation is triggered by a surge of which hormone?
A. Luteinizing hormone (LH)
B. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
C. Progesterone
D. Estrogen
4. At the time of ovulation, the oocyte is arrested at which stage?
A. Metaphase II
B. Prophase I
C. Anaphase II
D. Metaphase I
5. Meiosis II of the oocyte is completed only upon:
A. Capacitation
B. Fertilization
C. Ovulation
D. Implantation
6. Capacitation of sperm normally occurs in the:
A. Testis
B. Seminiferous tubules
C. Female reproductive tract
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, General & Craniofacial Embryology
D. Epididymis
7. The acrosome reaction allows the sperm to:
A. Undergo capacitation
B. Complete meiosis
C. Penetrate the zona pellucida
D. Form the polar body
8. Fertilization normally occurs in which region of the uterine tube?
A. Ampulla
B. Isthmus
C. Interstitial part
D. Infundibulum only
9. The zona reaction after fertilization functions mainly to prevent:
A. Polyspermy
B. Monospermy
C. Implantation
D. Capacitation
10. The cell formed by restoration of the diploid chromosome number at
fertilization is the:
A. Morula
B. Zygote
C. Blastocyst
D. Oocyte
11. Which structure results from completion of the second meiotic division at
fertilization?
A. First polar body
B. Zona pellucida
C. Second polar body
D. Corona radiata
12. Sperm typically retain fertilizing capacity within the female tract for
approximately:
A. 10 days
B. 30 minutes
C. 7 days
D. 24-72 hours
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, General & Craniofacial Embryology
13. Presence of which chromosome determines the male phenotype?
A. Autosome 21
B. Y chromosome
C. A Barr body
D. X chromosome
14. The cortical reaction following sperm entry releases:
A. hCG
B. Lysosomal enzymes into the perivitelline space
C. Hyaluronidase from the sperm
D. FSH
15. All of the following are significances of fertilization EXCEPT:
A. Restoration of the diploid chromosome number
B. Formation of identical twins in every conception
C. Determination of chromosomal sex
D. Initiation of cleavage
16. Spermatogenesis takes place within the:
A. Seminiferous tubules
B. Prostate gland
C. Epididymis
D. Vas deferens
17. The primary oocyte remains arrested in which stage from fetal life until
just before ovulation?
A. Prophase I (dictyate stage)
B. Anaphase I
C. Metaphase I
D. Metaphase II
18. Sperm capacitation involves removal of which components from the sperm
surface?
A. The nucleus
B. The flagellum
C. Glycoprotein coat and seminal plasma proteins
D. The acrosomal cap entirely
19. The layer of follicular cells immediately surrounding an ovulated oocyte is
the:
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, General & Craniofacial Embryology
A. Follicular antrum
B. Theca externa
C. Corona radiata
D. Zona pellucida
20. Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is first secreted by the:
A. Cytotrophoblast
B. Endometrial stroma
C. Corpus luteum
D. Syncytiotrophoblast
21. Cleavage divisions of the zygote occur without an increase in:
A. Overall embryo size
B. Cell number
C. Nuclear divisions
D. DNA replication
22. The solid ball of approximately 12-16 blastomeres is called the:
A. Blastocyst
B. Zygote
C. Morula
D. Oocyte
23. Compaction of the morula is mediated primarily by:
A. E-cadherin-based cell adhesion
B. Type I collagen
C. Laminin
D. Fibronectin
24. The morula typically enters the uterine cavity approximately how many
days after fertilization?
A. Day 10
B. Day 1
C. Day 3
D. Day 7
25. Fluid accumulation within the morula creates a cavity known as the:
A. Chorionic cavity
B. Yolk sac cavity
C. Blastocoele
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1. Which cell division process reduces the chromosome number by half?
A. Mitosis
B. Apoptosis
C. Meiosis
D. Cytokinesis
2. Oogonia become primary oocytes by entering which phase before birth?
A. Anaphase I
B. Prophase I of meiosis I
C. Telophase II
D. Metaphase II
3. Ovulation is triggered by a surge of which hormone?
A. Luteinizing hormone (LH)
B. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
C. Progesterone
D. Estrogen
4. At the time of ovulation, the oocyte is arrested at which stage?
A. Metaphase II
B. Prophase I
C. Anaphase II
D. Metaphase I
5. Meiosis II of the oocyte is completed only upon:
A. Capacitation
B. Fertilization
C. Ovulation
D. Implantation
6. Capacitation of sperm normally occurs in the:
A. Testis
B. Seminiferous tubules
C. Female reproductive tract
Page 1 of 34
, General & Craniofacial Embryology
D. Epididymis
7. The acrosome reaction allows the sperm to:
A. Undergo capacitation
B. Complete meiosis
C. Penetrate the zona pellucida
D. Form the polar body
8. Fertilization normally occurs in which region of the uterine tube?
A. Ampulla
B. Isthmus
C. Interstitial part
D. Infundibulum only
9. The zona reaction after fertilization functions mainly to prevent:
A. Polyspermy
B. Monospermy
C. Implantation
D. Capacitation
10. The cell formed by restoration of the diploid chromosome number at
fertilization is the:
A. Morula
B. Zygote
C. Blastocyst
D. Oocyte
11. Which structure results from completion of the second meiotic division at
fertilization?
A. First polar body
B. Zona pellucida
C. Second polar body
D. Corona radiata
12. Sperm typically retain fertilizing capacity within the female tract for
approximately:
A. 10 days
B. 30 minutes
C. 7 days
D. 24-72 hours
Page 2 of 34
, General & Craniofacial Embryology
13. Presence of which chromosome determines the male phenotype?
A. Autosome 21
B. Y chromosome
C. A Barr body
D. X chromosome
14. The cortical reaction following sperm entry releases:
A. hCG
B. Lysosomal enzymes into the perivitelline space
C. Hyaluronidase from the sperm
D. FSH
15. All of the following are significances of fertilization EXCEPT:
A. Restoration of the diploid chromosome number
B. Formation of identical twins in every conception
C. Determination of chromosomal sex
D. Initiation of cleavage
16. Spermatogenesis takes place within the:
A. Seminiferous tubules
B. Prostate gland
C. Epididymis
D. Vas deferens
17. The primary oocyte remains arrested in which stage from fetal life until
just before ovulation?
A. Prophase I (dictyate stage)
B. Anaphase I
C. Metaphase I
D. Metaphase II
18. Sperm capacitation involves removal of which components from the sperm
surface?
A. The nucleus
B. The flagellum
C. Glycoprotein coat and seminal plasma proteins
D. The acrosomal cap entirely
19. The layer of follicular cells immediately surrounding an ovulated oocyte is
the:
Page 3 of 34
, General & Craniofacial Embryology
A. Follicular antrum
B. Theca externa
C. Corona radiata
D. Zona pellucida
20. Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is first secreted by the:
A. Cytotrophoblast
B. Endometrial stroma
C. Corpus luteum
D. Syncytiotrophoblast
21. Cleavage divisions of the zygote occur without an increase in:
A. Overall embryo size
B. Cell number
C. Nuclear divisions
D. DNA replication
22. The solid ball of approximately 12-16 blastomeres is called the:
A. Blastocyst
B. Zygote
C. Morula
D. Oocyte
23. Compaction of the morula is mediated primarily by:
A. E-cadherin-based cell adhesion
B. Type I collagen
C. Laminin
D. Fibronectin
24. The morula typically enters the uterine cavity approximately how many
days after fertilization?
A. Day 10
B. Day 1
C. Day 3
D. Day 7
25. Fluid accumulation within the morula creates a cavity known as the:
A. Chorionic cavity
B. Yolk sac cavity
C. Blastocoele
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