BLG 111 Final Exam Questions with
Guaranteed Pass Solutions 2026
Updated.
what are the three functions of blood? - Answer transportation, regulation, protection
what are the transport functions in blood? - Answer Delivering O2 and nutrients
transporting metabolic wastes to lungs and kidneys
transporting hormones from endocrine organs to target organs
what are the regulation functions of blood? - Answer maintaining body temperature
maintaining normal pH
how does blood maintain body temperature? - Answer through vasoconstriction /
vasodilation
what is vasodilation? relation to heat? - Answer widening of blood vessels, gets rid of heat
what is vasoconstriction? relation to heat? - Answer narrowing of blood vessels; preserves
heat
what is the normal pH of blood? - Answer 7.35-7.45
how does blood regulate pH? - Answer chemical buffers
how does blood protect? - Answer prevents blood loss (clots)
prevents infection (antibodies, WBC's)
what are the components of whole blood? - Answer plasma & formed elements
what are the two parts of formed elements? - Answer buffy coat, erthyrocytes
,what is the buffy coat? - Answer white blood cells and platelets
what is the least dense component of blood? - Answer plasma
what is the most dense component of blood? - Answer formed elements (specifically
erthyrocytes)
what is blood plasma made of? - Answer water & it's solutes: proteins, electrolytes,
nutrients, gases, hormones, wastes
what is the most abundant solute in plasma? - Answer albumin
what does albumin do? - Answer regulates osmotic pressure, transports molecules (e.g.
drugs)
what is osmotic pressure? - Answer pressure that helps blood retain water
what are globulins? where are they found? - Answer antibodies & transport proteins in
plasma
what is the function of fibrinogens? - Answer blood clotting
plasma is a nonliving ____. - Answer matrix
what are erythrocytes? - Answer red blood cells
what shape are RBCs? what function does this serve? - Answer biconcave
bendy so they can flow easily
large surface area for oxygen to pass through
what are the characteristics of red blood cells? - Answer anucleate
no organelles
,filled with Hb for gas transport
what does Hb stand for - Answer hemoglobin
what does hemoglobin do? - Answer binds reversibly with oxygen
what are the 2 parts of hemoglobin? - Answer heme and globin
what is heme? - Answer iron-containing red pigment
what is globin? - Answer protein made of 4 polypeptide chains
what are the four chains of globin? - Answer 2 alpha, 2 beta
how many hemes are in hemoglobin? - Answer four; one per chain
where are RBCs produced? from? - Answer red bone marrow; stem cells
what is hematopoietic tissue? - Answer red bone marrow
where is red bone marrow found in newborns? - Answer everywhere; medullary cavities & all
spongey bone
where is red bone marrow found in adults? - Answer heads of femur & humerus
flat bones, hip bone
stem cells produce all _______. - Answer formed elements
what is the life span of RBCs? - Answer 100-120 days or 3-4 months
what is erythropoiesis (EPO)? - Answer production of red blood cells
what stimulates EPO? due to? - Answer hypoxia
, decreased RBC
decreased amount of Hb
decreased availability of O2
what is hypoxia? - Answer lack of oxygen
what are the steps of EPO? - Answer kidney release erythropoietin
stimulates red bone marrow
increases RBC
O2 carrying ability rises
what is erythropoietin? - Answer EPO - hormone that stimulates RBC production
what is hemostasis? - Answer stoppage of bleeding in a blood vessel
what are the three steps of hemostasis? - Answer 1. vascular spasm
2. platelet plug formation
3. coagulation
what happens during step one of hemostasis; vascular spasm? - Answer smooth muscle
contracts, causes vasoconstriction
what happens during step two a) of hemostasis; platelet plug formation? - Answer injury to
lining of vessel exposes collagen fibers
platelets adhere
what happens during step two b) of hemostasis; platelet plug formation? - Answer platelets
release chemicals that make nearby platelets sticky
platelet plug forms
Guaranteed Pass Solutions 2026
Updated.
what are the three functions of blood? - Answer transportation, regulation, protection
what are the transport functions in blood? - Answer Delivering O2 and nutrients
transporting metabolic wastes to lungs and kidneys
transporting hormones from endocrine organs to target organs
what are the regulation functions of blood? - Answer maintaining body temperature
maintaining normal pH
how does blood maintain body temperature? - Answer through vasoconstriction /
vasodilation
what is vasodilation? relation to heat? - Answer widening of blood vessels, gets rid of heat
what is vasoconstriction? relation to heat? - Answer narrowing of blood vessels; preserves
heat
what is the normal pH of blood? - Answer 7.35-7.45
how does blood regulate pH? - Answer chemical buffers
how does blood protect? - Answer prevents blood loss (clots)
prevents infection (antibodies, WBC's)
what are the components of whole blood? - Answer plasma & formed elements
what are the two parts of formed elements? - Answer buffy coat, erthyrocytes
,what is the buffy coat? - Answer white blood cells and platelets
what is the least dense component of blood? - Answer plasma
what is the most dense component of blood? - Answer formed elements (specifically
erthyrocytes)
what is blood plasma made of? - Answer water & it's solutes: proteins, electrolytes,
nutrients, gases, hormones, wastes
what is the most abundant solute in plasma? - Answer albumin
what does albumin do? - Answer regulates osmotic pressure, transports molecules (e.g.
drugs)
what is osmotic pressure? - Answer pressure that helps blood retain water
what are globulins? where are they found? - Answer antibodies & transport proteins in
plasma
what is the function of fibrinogens? - Answer blood clotting
plasma is a nonliving ____. - Answer matrix
what are erythrocytes? - Answer red blood cells
what shape are RBCs? what function does this serve? - Answer biconcave
bendy so they can flow easily
large surface area for oxygen to pass through
what are the characteristics of red blood cells? - Answer anucleate
no organelles
,filled with Hb for gas transport
what does Hb stand for - Answer hemoglobin
what does hemoglobin do? - Answer binds reversibly with oxygen
what are the 2 parts of hemoglobin? - Answer heme and globin
what is heme? - Answer iron-containing red pigment
what is globin? - Answer protein made of 4 polypeptide chains
what are the four chains of globin? - Answer 2 alpha, 2 beta
how many hemes are in hemoglobin? - Answer four; one per chain
where are RBCs produced? from? - Answer red bone marrow; stem cells
what is hematopoietic tissue? - Answer red bone marrow
where is red bone marrow found in newborns? - Answer everywhere; medullary cavities & all
spongey bone
where is red bone marrow found in adults? - Answer heads of femur & humerus
flat bones, hip bone
stem cells produce all _______. - Answer formed elements
what is the life span of RBCs? - Answer 100-120 days or 3-4 months
what is erythropoiesis (EPO)? - Answer production of red blood cells
what stimulates EPO? due to? - Answer hypoxia
, decreased RBC
decreased amount of Hb
decreased availability of O2
what is hypoxia? - Answer lack of oxygen
what are the steps of EPO? - Answer kidney release erythropoietin
stimulates red bone marrow
increases RBC
O2 carrying ability rises
what is erythropoietin? - Answer EPO - hormone that stimulates RBC production
what is hemostasis? - Answer stoppage of bleeding in a blood vessel
what are the three steps of hemostasis? - Answer 1. vascular spasm
2. platelet plug formation
3. coagulation
what happens during step one of hemostasis; vascular spasm? - Answer smooth muscle
contracts, causes vasoconstriction
what happens during step two a) of hemostasis; platelet plug formation? - Answer injury to
lining of vessel exposes collagen fibers
platelets adhere
what happens during step two b) of hemostasis; platelet plug formation? - Answer platelets
release chemicals that make nearby platelets sticky
platelet plug forms
