KEY TOPIC 2 – CREATING WELFARE STATE
2.1- welfare support
Interwar Unemployment
years 1911 national insurance act- paid in by employers,
employees and gov. Only covered 6 industries and for
people earning under 160 a year.
3.5 million troops returning, were not covered as either
didn’t pay enough or weren’t part of the industries so
gov had to intervene to help.
1918-20 out of work donation- disguised as dole
money, taxation and borrowing, only meant to help
troops until they found work. Set an important
precedent.
1920 unemployment insurance act- aimed to provide
long term coverage for those who needed it. Due to
revolution fears and high strikes in in 1919- 2.4 million.
2.3 men now covered, due to it being passed just
before recession, all funds quickly drained, leaving in
1921 means testing to be introduced and by 1930- 3
million people were rejected due to this
1929- local gov act- abolished poor law guardians to
administer funds, instead created PAC- centrally
funded and were very harsh combined household
income and were not liked
1934 unemployment act- P1- benift payment for 26
weeks for those who paid into it (4 million), p2- uab- by
1937 it helped one million on a means tested basis
Pensions
1908 pensions act- provided pensions for those over
the age of 70 but not for women or children
1925- widows, orphans and old age contributory act-
created by Neville chamberlain- allowed people over
65-70 receive pensions ( 10 shillings a week) , and
widows and orphans. Originally disliked but due to
aging population and economic hardships it was widely
accepted. In 1937 self employed could join the scheme
Housing
Aftee ww1 – promise for home fit for heroes and
massive slum clearence
1919- houses and towns planning act – encouraged
local authorities to use gov funds to build houses. Est
600 needed. 200,000 created before geddes axe cut of
1922- cut welfare from 200 milion- 180 million. Needed
800000 houses and caused many people to have to
live with their parents
1923,23 and 30 houses act- first two encouraged
private investors and local authorities to use gov funds
to build houses. 4 million houses were built 1 million
, state. Also cottage estates 20 of them and Becontree
20,000. Consumer demand rose
Impact of Total war everyone was involved and experienced the
ww2 same thing
Evacuation- 1.5 million evacuated- evacuation
authorities established by Anderson( home secretary)
due to the failure of private charities to help
coordinate any kind of efforts. Also social services
Rationing- ministry of health – point system 1/3 people
diet poor during ww2- this drastically changed- alcohol
went down from 3p-7p and clothing 66 coupons.
Beveridge report- carried out on the orders of Churchill
who wanted to predict future wants and needs also
wanted to fulfil the previous gov promise of home fit
for heroes. 650,000 copies sold, ministry of info and
dropped and troops and times liked it and even
published it and wrote positive things about it.
Clement 1944 education act
Attlee 1945 family assistance act- 25 p per child to the
gov mother- 88% got it
1946 national insurance act- 14 million leaflets sent
out, pensions for 60 for women and 65 for men, also
covered other age groups and provided insurance for
benefits
1946 industrial injuries act- 2000 accidents in the 1940
1946 NHS ACT
1948 national assistance act- which abolished the
public assistance committee and replaced with
national board which was not means tested and also
covered people who were not covered by the previous
act.
Housing- 700,000 houses were destroyed, 200,000
built year, 4 in 5 houses built by state. 1946 new
towns act and also pre fab houses built 150,000
Nationalisation- bank of England, coal iron and steel
Schools- leaving age raised to 15, 900 primary schools
and 250 secondary schools
BUT RAISING COSTS- 4% GDP BY 1949 HEALTHCARE
ALONE
Changes Changes
to 1959 national insurance act- which introduced a top up
welfare scheme based off of earnings
state 1971 family income support programme
1964-79 1975 social security act
1971 ni act- 100,000 more peoples covered, rent
subsides, family allowance increased \
Costs
Unemployment benefits went from 0,6 (1939), 1980
( 8%)
2.1- welfare support
Interwar Unemployment
years 1911 national insurance act- paid in by employers,
employees and gov. Only covered 6 industries and for
people earning under 160 a year.
3.5 million troops returning, were not covered as either
didn’t pay enough or weren’t part of the industries so
gov had to intervene to help.
1918-20 out of work donation- disguised as dole
money, taxation and borrowing, only meant to help
troops until they found work. Set an important
precedent.
1920 unemployment insurance act- aimed to provide
long term coverage for those who needed it. Due to
revolution fears and high strikes in in 1919- 2.4 million.
2.3 men now covered, due to it being passed just
before recession, all funds quickly drained, leaving in
1921 means testing to be introduced and by 1930- 3
million people were rejected due to this
1929- local gov act- abolished poor law guardians to
administer funds, instead created PAC- centrally
funded and were very harsh combined household
income and were not liked
1934 unemployment act- P1- benift payment for 26
weeks for those who paid into it (4 million), p2- uab- by
1937 it helped one million on a means tested basis
Pensions
1908 pensions act- provided pensions for those over
the age of 70 but not for women or children
1925- widows, orphans and old age contributory act-
created by Neville chamberlain- allowed people over
65-70 receive pensions ( 10 shillings a week) , and
widows and orphans. Originally disliked but due to
aging population and economic hardships it was widely
accepted. In 1937 self employed could join the scheme
Housing
Aftee ww1 – promise for home fit for heroes and
massive slum clearence
1919- houses and towns planning act – encouraged
local authorities to use gov funds to build houses. Est
600 needed. 200,000 created before geddes axe cut of
1922- cut welfare from 200 milion- 180 million. Needed
800000 houses and caused many people to have to
live with their parents
1923,23 and 30 houses act- first two encouraged
private investors and local authorities to use gov funds
to build houses. 4 million houses were built 1 million
, state. Also cottage estates 20 of them and Becontree
20,000. Consumer demand rose
Impact of Total war everyone was involved and experienced the
ww2 same thing
Evacuation- 1.5 million evacuated- evacuation
authorities established by Anderson( home secretary)
due to the failure of private charities to help
coordinate any kind of efforts. Also social services
Rationing- ministry of health – point system 1/3 people
diet poor during ww2- this drastically changed- alcohol
went down from 3p-7p and clothing 66 coupons.
Beveridge report- carried out on the orders of Churchill
who wanted to predict future wants and needs also
wanted to fulfil the previous gov promise of home fit
for heroes. 650,000 copies sold, ministry of info and
dropped and troops and times liked it and even
published it and wrote positive things about it.
Clement 1944 education act
Attlee 1945 family assistance act- 25 p per child to the
gov mother- 88% got it
1946 national insurance act- 14 million leaflets sent
out, pensions for 60 for women and 65 for men, also
covered other age groups and provided insurance for
benefits
1946 industrial injuries act- 2000 accidents in the 1940
1946 NHS ACT
1948 national assistance act- which abolished the
public assistance committee and replaced with
national board which was not means tested and also
covered people who were not covered by the previous
act.
Housing- 700,000 houses were destroyed, 200,000
built year, 4 in 5 houses built by state. 1946 new
towns act and also pre fab houses built 150,000
Nationalisation- bank of England, coal iron and steel
Schools- leaving age raised to 15, 900 primary schools
and 250 secondary schools
BUT RAISING COSTS- 4% GDP BY 1949 HEALTHCARE
ALONE
Changes Changes
to 1959 national insurance act- which introduced a top up
welfare scheme based off of earnings
state 1971 family income support programme
1964-79 1975 social security act
1971 ni act- 100,000 more peoples covered, rent
subsides, family allowance increased \
Costs
Unemployment benefits went from 0,6 (1939), 1980
( 8%)
