NWCA CET TEST QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS | 100% PASS | 2026 UPDATED
COMPREHENSIVE 100+ QUESTION BANK WITH
RATIONALES
SECTION 1: CARDIOVASCULAR ANATOMY AND
PHYSIOLOGY
Question 1: Which valve opens to allow the ventricles to fill
with blood during diastole?
A) Aortic and Pulmonary valves
B) Tricuspid and Mitral valves
C) Tricuspid and Aortic valves
D) Mitral and Pulmonary valves
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The tricuspid (right side) and mitral/bicuspid (left
side) valves are the atrioventricular valves that open during
diastole to allow blood flow from the atria into the ventricles.
The semilunar valves (aortic and pulmonary) remain closed
during this filling phase .
,Question 2: Which layer of the heart is damaged during a
myocardial infarction (heart attack)?
A) Epicardium
B) Endocardium
C) Myocardium
D) Pericardium
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The myocardium is the muscular layer of the heart
responsible for contraction. During a heart attack, ischemia
and necrosis occur in this layer due to inadequate blood
supply. The epicardium is the outer layer, endocardium is the
inner lining, and pericardium is the protective sac .
Question 3: The inferior vena cava returns deoxygenated
blood to the heart from which part of the body?
A) Upper extremities and head
B) Lower part of the body
C) Lungs
D) Coronary circulation
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The inferior vena cava returns deoxygenated blood
from the lower extremities, abdomen, and pelvis to the right
,atrium. The superior vena cava returns blood from the upper
body .
Question 4: The pulmonary veins deliver blood to which
chamber of the heart?
A) Right atrium
B) Left atrium
C) Right ventricle
D) Left ventricle
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The pulmonary veins are the only veins in the body
that carry oxygenated blood. They transport freshly
oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium, which
then passes to the left ventricle for systemic circulation .
Question 5: The intrinsic firing rate of the ventricles is
approximately:
A) 60-100 bpm
B) 40-60 bpm
C) 20-40 bpm
D) 100-120 bpm
, Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The ventricles have an intrinsic pacemaker rate of
20-40 beats per minute. This is the slowest of the heart's
pacemaker sites. The SA node fires at 60-100 bpm, and the
AV node at 40-60 bpm .
Question 6: What are the two phases of the cardiac cycle?
A) Systole and Diastole
B) Contraction and Relaxation
C) Filling and Emptying
D) Depolarization and Repolarization
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The cardiac cycle consists of systole (contraction
phase) and diastole (relaxation and filling phase). During
systole, the ventricles contract and eject blood; during
diastole, the heart relaxes and fills with blood .
Question 7: Which chamber of the heart has the thickest
muscular wall?
A) Right atrium
B) Left atrium
ANSWERS | 100% PASS | 2026 UPDATED
COMPREHENSIVE 100+ QUESTION BANK WITH
RATIONALES
SECTION 1: CARDIOVASCULAR ANATOMY AND
PHYSIOLOGY
Question 1: Which valve opens to allow the ventricles to fill
with blood during diastole?
A) Aortic and Pulmonary valves
B) Tricuspid and Mitral valves
C) Tricuspid and Aortic valves
D) Mitral and Pulmonary valves
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The tricuspid (right side) and mitral/bicuspid (left
side) valves are the atrioventricular valves that open during
diastole to allow blood flow from the atria into the ventricles.
The semilunar valves (aortic and pulmonary) remain closed
during this filling phase .
,Question 2: Which layer of the heart is damaged during a
myocardial infarction (heart attack)?
A) Epicardium
B) Endocardium
C) Myocardium
D) Pericardium
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The myocardium is the muscular layer of the heart
responsible for contraction. During a heart attack, ischemia
and necrosis occur in this layer due to inadequate blood
supply. The epicardium is the outer layer, endocardium is the
inner lining, and pericardium is the protective sac .
Question 3: The inferior vena cava returns deoxygenated
blood to the heart from which part of the body?
A) Upper extremities and head
B) Lower part of the body
C) Lungs
D) Coronary circulation
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The inferior vena cava returns deoxygenated blood
from the lower extremities, abdomen, and pelvis to the right
,atrium. The superior vena cava returns blood from the upper
body .
Question 4: The pulmonary veins deliver blood to which
chamber of the heart?
A) Right atrium
B) Left atrium
C) Right ventricle
D) Left ventricle
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The pulmonary veins are the only veins in the body
that carry oxygenated blood. They transport freshly
oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium, which
then passes to the left ventricle for systemic circulation .
Question 5: The intrinsic firing rate of the ventricles is
approximately:
A) 60-100 bpm
B) 40-60 bpm
C) 20-40 bpm
D) 100-120 bpm
, Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The ventricles have an intrinsic pacemaker rate of
20-40 beats per minute. This is the slowest of the heart's
pacemaker sites. The SA node fires at 60-100 bpm, and the
AV node at 40-60 bpm .
Question 6: What are the two phases of the cardiac cycle?
A) Systole and Diastole
B) Contraction and Relaxation
C) Filling and Emptying
D) Depolarization and Repolarization
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The cardiac cycle consists of systole (contraction
phase) and diastole (relaxation and filling phase). During
systole, the ventricles contract and eject blood; during
diastole, the heart relaxes and fills with blood .
Question 7: Which chamber of the heart has the thickest
muscular wall?
A) Right atrium
B) Left atrium
