BIOL 235 Midterm 2 Exam Questions and answers with verified
Answers (Latest Update 2026) UPDATE!!
between the origin and insertion which is usually located proximally in limbs ? - (ANSWER)Origin
What happens during REVERSE MUSCLE ACTION? - (ANSWER)specific movements of the body the
actions are reversed THEREFOR the positions of the origin and insertion of a muscle are switched
What is a mechanical advantage using the example of a lever? - (ANSWER)if the load is closer to the
fulcrum and the effort is farther from the fulcrum only a small about of effort is needed to move the load
Bones serve as levers and joints serve as ________ for the lever - (ANSWER)fulcrum
Agonist (Prime Movers) _________ muscles while antagonist ____________ muscles -
(ANSWER)contract, relax
What are muscles that contract and stabilize the intermediate joints called? - (ANSWER)synergists
What is a group of skeletal muscles, their blood vessels, and nerves called? - (ANSWER)Compartment
Origin an insertion of the masseter - (ANSWER)Origin = maxilla and zygomatic arch
Insertion = angle and ramus of the mandible
What is the origin of the deltoid ? - (ANSWER)acromial extremity of clavicle, acromion, and spine of
scapula
What are the 3 muscles that make up the hamstring ? - (ANSWER)semimebranosous, semitendinosus,
biceps femoris
What 4 muscles make up the Quads ? - (ANSWER)rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus
intermedialis
,BIOL 235 Midterm 2 Exam Questions and answers with verified
Answers (Latest Update 2026) UPDATE!!
What do you call a small mass of nervous tissue that is made up primarily of neuron cell bodies? -
(ANSWER)Ganglia
The somatic nervous system only sends impulses to ________ muscles - (ANSWER)skeletal
Fight or Flight is associated with which division of the autonomic nervous system? -
(ANSWER)Sympathetic
What is the ability to respond to a stimulus and convert it into an action potential? - (ANSWER)electrical
excitability
What type of neurons usually have several dendrite and on axon , and are norm ally found in brain and
spinal cord as well as motor neurons? - (ANSWER)Multipolar
What type of neurons have one main dendrite and one axon as well as are primarily found in the retina
of the eye, inner ear, and the olfactory area of brain? - (ANSWER)Bipolar
What type of neurons has dendrites and one axon that are fused together to form a continuous process
that emerges from the cell body? - (ANSWER)Unipolar or Pseudounipolar
The processes of ________ make contact with blood capillaries, neurons, and the pia mater -
(ANSWER)astrocytes
What neuroglia has these functions?
1. contain microfilaments that give them strength and allow them to support neurons
2. contributes to the effectiveness of BBB
3.in embyro, they secret chemicals that regulate things
, BIOL 235 Midterm 2 Exam Questions and answers with verified
Answers (Latest Update 2026) UPDATE!!
4. help maintain an appropriate chemical environment for nerve impulse generation
5. play a role in hearing and memory - (ANSWER)Astrocytes
What neuroglia resemble astrocytes but are smaller and contain fewer processes as well as are
responsible fro forming nd maintiang myelin sheath? - (ANSWER)Oligodendrocytes
What neuroglia are small cells with slender processes that give them a spine like projections as well as
act as phagocytes? - (ANSWER)Microglial Cells
What type of neurglia cells are cuboidal and columanr arranged in a single layer that possess microvilli
and cilia? they produce and possibly monitor and assist in the circulation of CSF - (ANSWER)Ependymal
Cells
What are the 2 types of neuroglia in the PNS? - (ANSWER)Schwann and satellite cells
What type of motor neuron directly supplies skeletal muscle fibers? - (ANSWER)lower motor neurons
What do all of these factors contribute to?
1. unequal distribution of ions in the ECF and cytosol
2. inability of most anions to leave the cells
3. electrogenic nature of the sodium potassium ATPases - (ANSWER)Resting membrane potential
Hyperpolarized cells are _______ negative inside ? - (ANSWER)More
What mode of travel by which graded potentials die out as they spread along the membrane ? -
(ANSWER)decremental conduction
Answers (Latest Update 2026) UPDATE!!
between the origin and insertion which is usually located proximally in limbs ? - (ANSWER)Origin
What happens during REVERSE MUSCLE ACTION? - (ANSWER)specific movements of the body the
actions are reversed THEREFOR the positions of the origin and insertion of a muscle are switched
What is a mechanical advantage using the example of a lever? - (ANSWER)if the load is closer to the
fulcrum and the effort is farther from the fulcrum only a small about of effort is needed to move the load
Bones serve as levers and joints serve as ________ for the lever - (ANSWER)fulcrum
Agonist (Prime Movers) _________ muscles while antagonist ____________ muscles -
(ANSWER)contract, relax
What are muscles that contract and stabilize the intermediate joints called? - (ANSWER)synergists
What is a group of skeletal muscles, their blood vessels, and nerves called? - (ANSWER)Compartment
Origin an insertion of the masseter - (ANSWER)Origin = maxilla and zygomatic arch
Insertion = angle and ramus of the mandible
What is the origin of the deltoid ? - (ANSWER)acromial extremity of clavicle, acromion, and spine of
scapula
What are the 3 muscles that make up the hamstring ? - (ANSWER)semimebranosous, semitendinosus,
biceps femoris
What 4 muscles make up the Quads ? - (ANSWER)rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus
intermedialis
,BIOL 235 Midterm 2 Exam Questions and answers with verified
Answers (Latest Update 2026) UPDATE!!
What do you call a small mass of nervous tissue that is made up primarily of neuron cell bodies? -
(ANSWER)Ganglia
The somatic nervous system only sends impulses to ________ muscles - (ANSWER)skeletal
Fight or Flight is associated with which division of the autonomic nervous system? -
(ANSWER)Sympathetic
What is the ability to respond to a stimulus and convert it into an action potential? - (ANSWER)electrical
excitability
What type of neurons usually have several dendrite and on axon , and are norm ally found in brain and
spinal cord as well as motor neurons? - (ANSWER)Multipolar
What type of neurons have one main dendrite and one axon as well as are primarily found in the retina
of the eye, inner ear, and the olfactory area of brain? - (ANSWER)Bipolar
What type of neurons has dendrites and one axon that are fused together to form a continuous process
that emerges from the cell body? - (ANSWER)Unipolar or Pseudounipolar
The processes of ________ make contact with blood capillaries, neurons, and the pia mater -
(ANSWER)astrocytes
What neuroglia has these functions?
1. contain microfilaments that give them strength and allow them to support neurons
2. contributes to the effectiveness of BBB
3.in embyro, they secret chemicals that regulate things
, BIOL 235 Midterm 2 Exam Questions and answers with verified
Answers (Latest Update 2026) UPDATE!!
4. help maintain an appropriate chemical environment for nerve impulse generation
5. play a role in hearing and memory - (ANSWER)Astrocytes
What neuroglia resemble astrocytes but are smaller and contain fewer processes as well as are
responsible fro forming nd maintiang myelin sheath? - (ANSWER)Oligodendrocytes
What neuroglia are small cells with slender processes that give them a spine like projections as well as
act as phagocytes? - (ANSWER)Microglial Cells
What type of neurglia cells are cuboidal and columanr arranged in a single layer that possess microvilli
and cilia? they produce and possibly monitor and assist in the circulation of CSF - (ANSWER)Ependymal
Cells
What are the 2 types of neuroglia in the PNS? - (ANSWER)Schwann and satellite cells
What type of motor neuron directly supplies skeletal muscle fibers? - (ANSWER)lower motor neurons
What do all of these factors contribute to?
1. unequal distribution of ions in the ECF and cytosol
2. inability of most anions to leave the cells
3. electrogenic nature of the sodium potassium ATPases - (ANSWER)Resting membrane potential
Hyperpolarized cells are _______ negative inside ? - (ANSWER)More
What mode of travel by which graded potentials die out as they spread along the membrane ? -
(ANSWER)decremental conduction
