C&S TMC Exam 1| 160
QUESTIONS| WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS
Course
TMC
Question 1
A patient presents with a productive cough, fever, pleuritic chest pain, and consolidation on chest
X-ray. Which diagnosis is most likely?
A. Asthma
B. Bacterial pneumonia
C. Pulmonary embolism
D. Chronic bronchitis
Correct Answer
B. Bacterial pneumonia
Complete Solution
Bacterial pneumonia commonly presents with:
Fever
Productive cough
Pleuritic chest pain
Crackles on auscultation
Lobar consolidation on chest X-ray
Elevated white blood cell count
Why the others are incorrect:
A: Asthma usually presents with wheezing and reversible airway obstruction.
C: Pulmonary embolism causes sudden dyspnea and pleuritic pain but rarely productive
cough with consolidation.
D: Chronic bronchitis is characterized by chronic productive cough for at least three
months in two consecutive years.
,Question 2
Which respiratory structure is primarily responsible for gas exchange?
A. Trachea
B. Bronchi
C. Alveoli
D. Bronchioles
Correct Answer
C. Alveoli
Complete Solution
The alveoli provide:
Thin respiratory membrane
Large surface area
Rich capillary network
Efficient oxygen and carbon dioxide diffusion
The trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles mainly conduct air.
Question 3
Normal arterial oxygen saturation (SpO₂) in a healthy adult breathing room air is:
A. 80–84%
B. 85–89%
C. 90–94%
D. 95–100%
Correct Answer
D. 95–100%
Complete Solution
Normal oxygen saturation ranges from 95–100% at sea level.
Values below 90% generally indicate hypoxemia requiring further evaluation.
Question 4
,Which lung volume cannot be measured directly using simple spirometry?
A. Tidal volume
B. Inspiratory reserve volume
C. Vital capacity
D. Residual volume
Correct Answer
D. Residual volume
Complete Solution
Residual volume remains in the lungs after maximal exhalation and cannot be exhaled, making it
impossible to measure with spirometry alone.
Measurement requires:
Body plethysmography
Helium dilution
Nitrogen washout
Question 5
Which arterial blood gas value indicates respiratory acidosis?
A. pH 7.50, PaCO₂ 28 mmHg
B. pH 7.32, PaCO₂ 55 mmHg
C. pH 7.46, HCO₃⁻ 32 mEq/L
D. pH 7.40, PaCO₂ 40 mmHg
Correct Answer
B. pH 7.32, PaCO₂ 55 mmHg
Complete Solution
Respiratory acidosis occurs when:
pH <7.35
PaCO₂ >45 mmHg
This usually results from hypoventilation causing carbon dioxide retention.
, Question 6
Which device delivers the most precise oxygen concentration?
A. Nasal cannula
B. Simple face mask
C. Venturi mask
D. Non-rebreather mask
Correct Answer
C. Venturi mask
Complete Solution
The Venturi mask delivers a fixed FiO₂ using interchangeable adapters.
It is especially useful for:
COPD patients
Patients requiring controlled oxygen therapy
Question 7
The normal adult respiratory rate is:
A. 6–10 breaths/min
B. 12–20 breaths/min
C. 22–30 breaths/min
D. 30–40 breaths/min
Correct Answer
B. 12–20 breaths/min
Complete Solution
A healthy resting adult normally breathes 12–20 breaths per minute.
Rates:
Below 12 = bradypnea
Above 20 = tachypnea
Question 8
QUESTIONS| WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS
Course
TMC
Question 1
A patient presents with a productive cough, fever, pleuritic chest pain, and consolidation on chest
X-ray. Which diagnosis is most likely?
A. Asthma
B. Bacterial pneumonia
C. Pulmonary embolism
D. Chronic bronchitis
Correct Answer
B. Bacterial pneumonia
Complete Solution
Bacterial pneumonia commonly presents with:
Fever
Productive cough
Pleuritic chest pain
Crackles on auscultation
Lobar consolidation on chest X-ray
Elevated white blood cell count
Why the others are incorrect:
A: Asthma usually presents with wheezing and reversible airway obstruction.
C: Pulmonary embolism causes sudden dyspnea and pleuritic pain but rarely productive
cough with consolidation.
D: Chronic bronchitis is characterized by chronic productive cough for at least three
months in two consecutive years.
,Question 2
Which respiratory structure is primarily responsible for gas exchange?
A. Trachea
B. Bronchi
C. Alveoli
D. Bronchioles
Correct Answer
C. Alveoli
Complete Solution
The alveoli provide:
Thin respiratory membrane
Large surface area
Rich capillary network
Efficient oxygen and carbon dioxide diffusion
The trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles mainly conduct air.
Question 3
Normal arterial oxygen saturation (SpO₂) in a healthy adult breathing room air is:
A. 80–84%
B. 85–89%
C. 90–94%
D. 95–100%
Correct Answer
D. 95–100%
Complete Solution
Normal oxygen saturation ranges from 95–100% at sea level.
Values below 90% generally indicate hypoxemia requiring further evaluation.
Question 4
,Which lung volume cannot be measured directly using simple spirometry?
A. Tidal volume
B. Inspiratory reserve volume
C. Vital capacity
D. Residual volume
Correct Answer
D. Residual volume
Complete Solution
Residual volume remains in the lungs after maximal exhalation and cannot be exhaled, making it
impossible to measure with spirometry alone.
Measurement requires:
Body plethysmography
Helium dilution
Nitrogen washout
Question 5
Which arterial blood gas value indicates respiratory acidosis?
A. pH 7.50, PaCO₂ 28 mmHg
B. pH 7.32, PaCO₂ 55 mmHg
C. pH 7.46, HCO₃⁻ 32 mEq/L
D. pH 7.40, PaCO₂ 40 mmHg
Correct Answer
B. pH 7.32, PaCO₂ 55 mmHg
Complete Solution
Respiratory acidosis occurs when:
pH <7.35
PaCO₂ >45 mmHg
This usually results from hypoventilation causing carbon dioxide retention.
, Question 6
Which device delivers the most precise oxygen concentration?
A. Nasal cannula
B. Simple face mask
C. Venturi mask
D. Non-rebreather mask
Correct Answer
C. Venturi mask
Complete Solution
The Venturi mask delivers a fixed FiO₂ using interchangeable adapters.
It is especially useful for:
COPD patients
Patients requiring controlled oxygen therapy
Question 7
The normal adult respiratory rate is:
A. 6–10 breaths/min
B. 12–20 breaths/min
C. 22–30 breaths/min
D. 30–40 breaths/min
Correct Answer
B. 12–20 breaths/min
Complete Solution
A healthy resting adult normally breathes 12–20 breaths per minute.
Rates:
Below 12 = bradypnea
Above 20 = tachypnea
Question 8
