EMS 1055 study guide Exam #1 Questions with correct
answers
How to read blood pressure - ✔✔Top number: systolic pressure (heart's ventricles
contract)
Bottom number: diastolic pressure (heart's ventricles are relaxed)
carotid pulse - ✔✔the pulse felt along the large carotid artery on either side of
the neck. Blood pressure is at least 60 systolic
femoral pulse - ✔✔Pulse felt on either side of the groin; Femoral artery. blood
pressure is at least 70 systolic.
brachial pulse - ✔✔the pulse felt in the upper arm. (often used for infants.)
radial pulse - ✔✔the pulse felt at the wrist. blood pressure is at least 80 systolic.
pedal pulse - ✔✔The pulse rate obtained on the top of the foot. blood pressure is
at least 90-100 systolic
types of shock - ✔✔cardiogenic, neurogenic, septic, anaphylactic, hypovelimic,
obstructive(mechanical), insulin (pseudo)
shock - ✔✔lack of perfusion at the cellular level
general signs and symptoms of shock - ✔✔-skin:pale, cool, diaphoretic
,-anxiety
-impending doom
-altered LOC
-dilated pupils
-sustained tachycardia
-tachypnea
-decreased urine output
-thirst
-delayed capillary refill
general treatment in shock - ✔✔-high flow oxygen
-trendelenberg position
-keep warm
-load and go transport
cardiogenic shock - ✔✔-most commingly caused by AMI
-other causes: Myocarditis, myocardial contusion
-"pump problem"
-decreased CO leads to hyperfusion
-heart begins to fail
cardiogenic shock treatment - ✔✔-standard shock treatment applies
-patient may not tolerate supine or trendelenberg position
-transport to cardiac facility critical
,neurogenic shock - ✔✔Circulatory failure caused by paralysis of the nerves that
control the size of the blood vessels, leading to widespread dilation; seen in
patients with spinal cord injuries.
-caused by-
-spinal cord injury above T6
-spinal anesthesia
-vasomotor center depression
-may take hours to appear
*symptoms*
-skin warm and dry
-bradycardia
-poikilothermia
septic shock - ✔✔Shock caused by severe infection, usually a bacterial infection.
-distributive type of shock
-due to infection that becomes systemic
-very common in icu setting
-patients often febrile
-antibiotics are needed to treat infection
-more gradual onset starting with SIRS
hypovolemic shock - ✔✔shock resulting from blood or fluid loss
, obstructive shock - ✔✔Shock that occurs when there is a block to blood flow in
the heart or great vessels, causing an insufficient blood supply to the body's
tissues.
-tension pneumothorax
-pericardial tamponade
anaphylactic shock - ✔✔-distributive shock
-severe allergic reaction
-onset is quick
-most deaths from people with NKA and no epi pen
-uticaria, wheezes, pruritus
-use epi pen
insulin shock - ✔✔the result of too much insulin which causes a dangerous drop
in blood glucose.
-looks similar to shock
-skin cool pale and diaphoretic
-altered mentation
-seizures can occur
-administer oral glucose
-patient must eat afterwards
Beck's Triad - ✔✔-hypotension (narrow pulse pressure)
-neck veins distended
-heart sounds muffled
answers
How to read blood pressure - ✔✔Top number: systolic pressure (heart's ventricles
contract)
Bottom number: diastolic pressure (heart's ventricles are relaxed)
carotid pulse - ✔✔the pulse felt along the large carotid artery on either side of
the neck. Blood pressure is at least 60 systolic
femoral pulse - ✔✔Pulse felt on either side of the groin; Femoral artery. blood
pressure is at least 70 systolic.
brachial pulse - ✔✔the pulse felt in the upper arm. (often used for infants.)
radial pulse - ✔✔the pulse felt at the wrist. blood pressure is at least 80 systolic.
pedal pulse - ✔✔The pulse rate obtained on the top of the foot. blood pressure is
at least 90-100 systolic
types of shock - ✔✔cardiogenic, neurogenic, septic, anaphylactic, hypovelimic,
obstructive(mechanical), insulin (pseudo)
shock - ✔✔lack of perfusion at the cellular level
general signs and symptoms of shock - ✔✔-skin:pale, cool, diaphoretic
,-anxiety
-impending doom
-altered LOC
-dilated pupils
-sustained tachycardia
-tachypnea
-decreased urine output
-thirst
-delayed capillary refill
general treatment in shock - ✔✔-high flow oxygen
-trendelenberg position
-keep warm
-load and go transport
cardiogenic shock - ✔✔-most commingly caused by AMI
-other causes: Myocarditis, myocardial contusion
-"pump problem"
-decreased CO leads to hyperfusion
-heart begins to fail
cardiogenic shock treatment - ✔✔-standard shock treatment applies
-patient may not tolerate supine or trendelenberg position
-transport to cardiac facility critical
,neurogenic shock - ✔✔Circulatory failure caused by paralysis of the nerves that
control the size of the blood vessels, leading to widespread dilation; seen in
patients with spinal cord injuries.
-caused by-
-spinal cord injury above T6
-spinal anesthesia
-vasomotor center depression
-may take hours to appear
*symptoms*
-skin warm and dry
-bradycardia
-poikilothermia
septic shock - ✔✔Shock caused by severe infection, usually a bacterial infection.
-distributive type of shock
-due to infection that becomes systemic
-very common in icu setting
-patients often febrile
-antibiotics are needed to treat infection
-more gradual onset starting with SIRS
hypovolemic shock - ✔✔shock resulting from blood or fluid loss
, obstructive shock - ✔✔Shock that occurs when there is a block to blood flow in
the heart or great vessels, causing an insufficient blood supply to the body's
tissues.
-tension pneumothorax
-pericardial tamponade
anaphylactic shock - ✔✔-distributive shock
-severe allergic reaction
-onset is quick
-most deaths from people with NKA and no epi pen
-uticaria, wheezes, pruritus
-use epi pen
insulin shock - ✔✔the result of too much insulin which causes a dangerous drop
in blood glucose.
-looks similar to shock
-skin cool pale and diaphoretic
-altered mentation
-seizures can occur
-administer oral glucose
-patient must eat afterwards
Beck's Triad - ✔✔-hypotension (narrow pulse pressure)
-neck veins distended
-heart sounds muffled
