APEA- GI Patho questions and answers
2026\2027 A+ Grade
Factors that lead to reflux do NOT include:
cigarette smoking.
obesity.
hiatal hernia.
constipation.
- correct answer constipation.
Which of the following is a diffuse hepatic process characterized by fibrosis and conversion of the
normal liver tissues into structurally abnormal nodules?
hepatitis.
liver cancer.
liver cysts.
cirrhosis.
- correct answer cirrhosis.
Extraintestinal manifestations of Chron's disease include:
heart failure.
pedal edema.
cholelithiasis.
splenomegaly.
- correct answer cholelithiasis.
The type of hernia in which the hernial sac protrudes directly through the abdominal wall in the region
of Hesselbach triangle is called a(n):
, inguinal hernia.
umbilical hernia.
femoral hernia.
spigelian hernia.
- correct answer inguinal hernia.
In evaluating a patient with nausea, the differential diagnosis that would include a central nervous
system cause is:
biliary obstruction.
vertigo.
viral gastroenteritis.
gastroesophageal reflux.
- correct answer vertigo.
Hepatic steatosis develops as a result of:
hepatocyte swelling and necrosis.
the accumulation of neutrophils around hepatocytes.
diffuse nodularity and fibrosis of hepatocytes.
accumulation of lipid droplets in hepatocytes.
- correct answer accumulation of lipid droplets in hepatocytes.
Which mechanism is NOT associated with the development of jaundice?
Excessive production of bilirubin
Increased hepatocyte uptake
Decreased hepatocellular excretion
Impaired bile flow
- correct answer Increased hepatocyte uptake
The pancreatic enzymes amylase and lipase are inactivated when the pH is below:
5
2026\2027 A+ Grade
Factors that lead to reflux do NOT include:
cigarette smoking.
obesity.
hiatal hernia.
constipation.
- correct answer constipation.
Which of the following is a diffuse hepatic process characterized by fibrosis and conversion of the
normal liver tissues into structurally abnormal nodules?
hepatitis.
liver cancer.
liver cysts.
cirrhosis.
- correct answer cirrhosis.
Extraintestinal manifestations of Chron's disease include:
heart failure.
pedal edema.
cholelithiasis.
splenomegaly.
- correct answer cholelithiasis.
The type of hernia in which the hernial sac protrudes directly through the abdominal wall in the region
of Hesselbach triangle is called a(n):
, inguinal hernia.
umbilical hernia.
femoral hernia.
spigelian hernia.
- correct answer inguinal hernia.
In evaluating a patient with nausea, the differential diagnosis that would include a central nervous
system cause is:
biliary obstruction.
vertigo.
viral gastroenteritis.
gastroesophageal reflux.
- correct answer vertigo.
Hepatic steatosis develops as a result of:
hepatocyte swelling and necrosis.
the accumulation of neutrophils around hepatocytes.
diffuse nodularity and fibrosis of hepatocytes.
accumulation of lipid droplets in hepatocytes.
- correct answer accumulation of lipid droplets in hepatocytes.
Which mechanism is NOT associated with the development of jaundice?
Excessive production of bilirubin
Increased hepatocyte uptake
Decreased hepatocellular excretion
Impaired bile flow
- correct answer Increased hepatocyte uptake
The pancreatic enzymes amylase and lipase are inactivated when the pH is below:
5
