KNH 184 EXAM 3 QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED
ANSWERS
Degrees of freedom - answers - how many different ways you can move
Who created the degrees of freedom - answers - nicolai bernstein
Haptic information - answers - information about touch
Proprioceptive information - answers - information about muscle length
Where is feedback from somatosensory receptors - answers - in joints and muscles
Executive in open loop control - answers - sends movement instructions to effector
Effector in open loop control - answers - executes movement instructions
What produces our movement - answers - muscle contractions
Open loop feedback - answers - none, therefore there is no way to correct errors and
best used in stable environments
Open loop instructions - answers - instructions sent in advance, preprogrammed and
without interruption
Motor programs as open-loop systems - answers - kicking, typing, hitting a pitched
baseball
Research supporting motor programs - answers - reaction time in humans, effect of
removal of feedback in humans and animals, blocking of a limb when primed for
movement, strategies used by humans to stop a movement underway, studies of
movements which arise after the startle response
Which of the following would best be considered an invariant feature of a generalized
motor program (gmp)?
Movement time
relative timing
movement amplitude
effector (limb) used - answers - relative timing
In the stereo system analogy of the generalized motor program (gmp), which human
component would correspond best to the speakers - answers - muscles
,The study by slater-hammel (1960) where participants were unable to stop movement
once it had been initiated, suggested that one limitation of closed-loop systems is that
they - answers - can't explain performance of skills that are very brief in duration
The storage problem is a question for motor program theories of how do we - answers -
store motor programs for all the skills and variations of skills that we perform
The features of the generalized motor program (gmp) that learners can modify are the -
answers - parameters
Which of the following would be most likely to be considered a parameter of the
generalized motor program (gmp)?
Relative timing
Sequence of movements
Movement time
Relative force - answers - movement time
In which stage is the motor program prepared for execution? - answers - movement
programming
____________ studies demonstrate that sensory information from a limb is not
necessary for movement production? - answers - deafferentation
What is the mechanism called that is similar to the motor program and is said to control
certain types of movements like human locomotion (walking), chewing, and even
breathing? - answers - central pattern generator
The effectors of motor programs are ________. - answers - muscles
Which is not a feature of motor learning? - answers - learning is directly observable
Which measure of learning involves identical testing situations as during the practice
phase? - answers - retention test
When learning skill a enhances the learning of skill b, what kind of transfer is said to
have taken place from skill a to skill b? - answers - positive transfer
When graphing performance curves, what is measured on the vertical axis (y-axis)? -
answers - performance
Learning refers to - answers - an internal process indicted by a change in the capability
to perform a skill due to practice or experience.
, Which of the following describes a performance characteristic of skill learning where the
skill can be modified to match the situation? - answers - adaptability
As a characteristic of motor skill learning, what does stability refer to? - answers -
performance of a skill is less influenced by internal or external disruptions in a
performance situation as it is learned
Which approach to measuring performance would an instructor use to determine the
performance characteristic of adaptability? - answers - transfer test
A performance curve showing performance improving proportionally over time, so that
every practice trial or session results in the same improvement in performance, is a -
answers - linear performance curve
The most commonly seen performance curve is a - answers - negatively accelerating
performance curve
True or false. The more conditions in practice are the same as the conditions in a game,
the more you might predict better performance in the game. - answers - true
Which is not a component of a transfer design? - answers - feedback
Which of the following is not a common change that occurs during skill acquisition? -
answers - more attention is focused on movement production
Within fitts and posner's cognitive stage of learning the key aim is to: - answers -
understand the skill
Performance changes tend to be largest in which stage of learning? - answers -
cognitive
With respect to models of learning: - answers - the rate of progress through the stages
can vary significantly among learners
Some learners will not progress through all stages
Learners can be at different stages for different skills
Transitions between stages are considered to be a continuum rather than abrupt
The second stage of fitts and posner's three stage model of learning is the: - answers -
associative stage
Rt evidence of motor programs - answers - hicks law- slower rt when additional
information needs to be processed
S-r incompatibility
These examples are seen during stimulus identification and response selection
ANSWERS
Degrees of freedom - answers - how many different ways you can move
Who created the degrees of freedom - answers - nicolai bernstein
Haptic information - answers - information about touch
Proprioceptive information - answers - information about muscle length
Where is feedback from somatosensory receptors - answers - in joints and muscles
Executive in open loop control - answers - sends movement instructions to effector
Effector in open loop control - answers - executes movement instructions
What produces our movement - answers - muscle contractions
Open loop feedback - answers - none, therefore there is no way to correct errors and
best used in stable environments
Open loop instructions - answers - instructions sent in advance, preprogrammed and
without interruption
Motor programs as open-loop systems - answers - kicking, typing, hitting a pitched
baseball
Research supporting motor programs - answers - reaction time in humans, effect of
removal of feedback in humans and animals, blocking of a limb when primed for
movement, strategies used by humans to stop a movement underway, studies of
movements which arise after the startle response
Which of the following would best be considered an invariant feature of a generalized
motor program (gmp)?
Movement time
relative timing
movement amplitude
effector (limb) used - answers - relative timing
In the stereo system analogy of the generalized motor program (gmp), which human
component would correspond best to the speakers - answers - muscles
,The study by slater-hammel (1960) where participants were unable to stop movement
once it had been initiated, suggested that one limitation of closed-loop systems is that
they - answers - can't explain performance of skills that are very brief in duration
The storage problem is a question for motor program theories of how do we - answers -
store motor programs for all the skills and variations of skills that we perform
The features of the generalized motor program (gmp) that learners can modify are the -
answers - parameters
Which of the following would be most likely to be considered a parameter of the
generalized motor program (gmp)?
Relative timing
Sequence of movements
Movement time
Relative force - answers - movement time
In which stage is the motor program prepared for execution? - answers - movement
programming
____________ studies demonstrate that sensory information from a limb is not
necessary for movement production? - answers - deafferentation
What is the mechanism called that is similar to the motor program and is said to control
certain types of movements like human locomotion (walking), chewing, and even
breathing? - answers - central pattern generator
The effectors of motor programs are ________. - answers - muscles
Which is not a feature of motor learning? - answers - learning is directly observable
Which measure of learning involves identical testing situations as during the practice
phase? - answers - retention test
When learning skill a enhances the learning of skill b, what kind of transfer is said to
have taken place from skill a to skill b? - answers - positive transfer
When graphing performance curves, what is measured on the vertical axis (y-axis)? -
answers - performance
Learning refers to - answers - an internal process indicted by a change in the capability
to perform a skill due to practice or experience.
, Which of the following describes a performance characteristic of skill learning where the
skill can be modified to match the situation? - answers - adaptability
As a characteristic of motor skill learning, what does stability refer to? - answers -
performance of a skill is less influenced by internal or external disruptions in a
performance situation as it is learned
Which approach to measuring performance would an instructor use to determine the
performance characteristic of adaptability? - answers - transfer test
A performance curve showing performance improving proportionally over time, so that
every practice trial or session results in the same improvement in performance, is a -
answers - linear performance curve
The most commonly seen performance curve is a - answers - negatively accelerating
performance curve
True or false. The more conditions in practice are the same as the conditions in a game,
the more you might predict better performance in the game. - answers - true
Which is not a component of a transfer design? - answers - feedback
Which of the following is not a common change that occurs during skill acquisition? -
answers - more attention is focused on movement production
Within fitts and posner's cognitive stage of learning the key aim is to: - answers -
understand the skill
Performance changes tend to be largest in which stage of learning? - answers -
cognitive
With respect to models of learning: - answers - the rate of progress through the stages
can vary significantly among learners
Some learners will not progress through all stages
Learners can be at different stages for different skills
Transitions between stages are considered to be a continuum rather than abrupt
The second stage of fitts and posner's three stage model of learning is the: - answers -
associative stage
Rt evidence of motor programs - answers - hicks law- slower rt when additional
information needs to be processed
S-r incompatibility
These examples are seen during stimulus identification and response selection
