PN 138 Basic Pharmacology Final Exam (Questions & Answers)

PN 138 Basic Pharmacology Final Exam Questions & Answers Basic Pharmacology Final Exam Questions & Answers • Question 1 Answer the following question by supplying the interpretation of the medical abbreviation: q4h Selected Answer: every 4 hours Answers: every 4 hours 4 times an hour 4 times a day every 4 hours while awake • Question 2 For clients receiving immunosuppressants, the priority goal of nursing care is: Selected Answer: Prevention of infection. Answers: Compliance with therapy. Assessing client's temperature every 4 hours. Monitoring for serum sickness. Prevention of infection. • Question 3 You are preparing to administer Levothyroxine (Synthroid) to a patient. You will monitor the patient for which potential adverse effect? Selected Answer: Tachycardia Answers: Weight gain Constipation Lethargy Tachycardia • Question 4 A 2-year-old patient with respiratory syncytial virus is prescribed aerosolized ribavirin (Virazole). Which visitor does the nurse ensure is not in the patient's room during the aerosol treatments? Selected Answer: 32-year-old pregnant mother Answers: 10-year-old brother 81-year-old grandmother 32-year-old pregnant mother 36-year-old father who has diabetes • Question 5 After administering an ACE inhibitor, you encourage the patient change positions slowly to prevent falling caused by what? Selected Answer: Orthostatic hypotension Answers: Dyskinesia Rhabdomyolysis Orthostatic hypotension Arrhythmias • Question 6 You are reinforcing teaching to a patient about their new Tuberculosis drug regimen. After reviewing the side effects, the patient asks how long she must continue taking the drugs. What is your response? Selected Answer: “All three medications must be taken for a minimum of 6 months.” Answers: “We will check your sputum in 3 months and if it is negative, you will no longer have to take the medicines." “You will take all three medications for the first month, then 2 medications for the 2nd month. You will continue the third medication for 6 months." “Once your sputum is negative, you can stop the medications. It could be as little as 2 weeks." “All three medications must be taken for a minimum of 6 months.” • Question 7 Mr. Beans has an order for metoprolol (Lopressor) 50mg po daily. Prior to administering the medication, what do you check? Selected Answer: Blood pressure and heart rate Answers: Blood pressure and 24 hour weight gain Blood pressure and heart rate Heart rate and temperature Heart rate, blood pressure, respirations • Question 8 After taking Bimatoprost (Lumigan) eye drops for 2 months, a patient states that her eye color has changed and her lashes are more beautiful than ever. She states that wants to start the drops in the other eye as well. How do you respond? Selected Answer: "While the eye color and lashes are different, using the drops in the other eye can damage the good eye." Answers: "Stop the medication immediately. This is a dangerous side effect that can permanently affect your eye." "No harm can come from using the drops in both eyes. In fact, it will help your eyes to look the same." "While the eye color and lashes are different, using the drops in the other eye can damage the good eye." "You should have been placing the drops in both eyes all along. This will prevent the other eye from developing problems." • Question 9 Compute the amount of medication you will administer for one dose. Order: Lasix 80 mg p.o. daily. Supply: Lasix 40 mg tablets. Give: Selected Answer: 2 tablets Answers: half tablet 1 tablet 1.5 tablets 2 tablets • Question 10 Why should tetracycline drugs be avoided during pregnancy and lactation? Selected Answer: The drug interferes with tooth enamel development causing permanently stained teeth in the newborn. Answers: Tetracycline crosses the placenta and causes brain hemorrhage in the fetus. The fetal and newborn liver cannot metabolize the drug and anemia results. The fetus and newborn are more likely to have allergic reactions to tetracycline. The drug interferes with tooth enamel development causing permanently stained teeth in the newborn. • Question 11 A patient is experiencing high levels of anxiety and stress. Which medication may be prescribed? Selected Answer: Alprazolam (Xanax) Answers: Diphenhydramine (Benadryl) Zolpidem (Ambien) Promethazine (Phenergan) Alprazolam (Xanax) • Question 12 Your 72 year old female patient has 1/2 the normal dose of post-op hydromorphone (Dilaudid) ordered after her hip surgery. What contributed to the physician's decreased dosage? Selected Answer: Age Answers: Gender Age Recent surgery Lack of insurance • Question 13 Compute the amount of medication you will administer for one dose. Order: Axid 0.15 g p.o. b.i.d. Supply: Bottle containing 60 capsules of Axid, 150 mg per capsule. Give: Selected Answer: 1 capsule Answers: 1 capsule 2 capsules 10 capsules 5 capsules • Question 14 A patient is being discharged on digoxin 0.25 mg po daily. What important information is reinforced upon discharge? Selected Answer: Count your heart rate every morning Answers: Notify your doctor immediately for shortness of breath Take your temperature every morning Take your blood pressure every morning Count your heart rate every morning • Question 15 The order is for 6 units of regular insulin to be administered with 11 units of NPH insulin. You have the 6 units of insulin in the syringe and are preparing to withdraw the 11 units of NPH insulin from the vial. What are the total units to administer? Selected Answer: 17 units Answers: 20 units 17 units 11 units 6 units • Question 16 You are reinforcing the teaching that a person was given about their medication. What is the most important to consider? Selected Answer: The patient's ability and willingness to learn. Answers: The temperature of the room. The patient's ability and willingness to learn. Ensure that the patient is sitting up rather than lying down. The patient has already showered and dressed. • Question 17 Which of the following is NOT a side effect of carbamazepine (Tegretol)? Selected Answer: Insomnia Answers: Dizziness Loss of coordination Nausea Insomnia • Question 18 0.7 out of 0.7 points An antibiotic is due to be given at 0900. What time frame is acceptable for the medication to be given? Selected Answer: Answers: 0700 - 1100 0730 – • Question 19 0.7 out of 0.7 points Mr. Abrams has an order to receive metoprolol (Lopressor) 25mg daily. His blood pressure is currently 122/58 and his heart rate is 56. What do you do? Selected Answer: Hold the medication and notify the physician. Answers: Give the medication as prescribed. Hold the medication and notify the physician. Have the patient walk to the restroom and then recheck the vital signs. Encourage the patient to rest quietly for 10 minutes and then recheck the vital signs. • Question 20 0.7 out of 0.7 points How do you evaluate that atorvastatin (Lipitor) is effective? Selected Answer: Cholesterol levels are dropping Answers: Heart rate and blood pressure are normal Cholesterol levels are dropping Potassium is staying steady Hemoglobin and hematocrit have returned to normal limits • Question 21 0.7 out of 0.7 points A patient has just begun a new antibiotic. Which side effect is of greatest concern? Selected Answer: Itching and difficulty swallowing Answers: Nausea and diarrhea Itching and difficulty swallowing Dark-colored urine White patches in the mouth • Question 22 0.35 out of 0.7 points Match the following definitions with the correct term. o Question Correct Match Selected Match Excretion C. how medications are removed from the body C. how medications are removed from the body Absorption D. the time it takes the medication to travel from the point of entry into the body until it reaches the blood stream B. the process by which the body breaks down medications and prepares the medication for excretion Distribution A. how the medication makes it to the tissues and/or organs where it is intended to produce effects A. how the medication makes it to the tissues and/or organs where it is intended to produce effects Metabolism B. the process by which the body breaks down medications and prepares the medication for excretion D. the time it takes the medication to travel from the point of entry into the body until it reaches the blood stream o All Answer Choices A. how the medication makes it to the tissues and/or organs where it is intended to produce effects B. the process by which the body breaks down medications and prepares the medication for excretion C. how medications are removed from the body D. the time it takes the medication to travel from the point of entry into the body until it reaches the blood stream o • Question 23 0.7 out of 0.7 points Interpret the given notation: 2T Selected Answer: 2 Tablespoons Answers: 2 teaspoons 2 Tablespoons 2 ml 2 oz • Question 24 0.7 out of 0.7 points Compute the amount of medication you will administer for one dose. Order: Heparin 5000 units subcut. Supply: Heparin 5000 units/ml. Give: Selected Answer: 1 ml Answers: 1 ml 2 ml 5 ml 10 ml • Question 25 0 out of 0.7 points Which type of insulin has the shortest onset of action? Answers: Glargine (Lantus) Regular (Humulin R) Lispro (Humalog) Detemir (Levemir) .........................CONTINUED....................................