Pathophysiology NR 283 Exam II questions and answers
A+ Grade 2026\2027
When a person is injured, which substances contribute to the pain they experience? Select all that apply
- correct answer Bradykinin
Histamine
Prostaglandin
Acute pain
- correct answer Described as sharp
Originates anywhere in the body (somatic
or visceral); localized or generalized
Chronic pain
- correct answer Example: persistent headaches
Described as aching, throbbing, or widespread
Originates anywhere in the body; generalized
and unable to state an exact location
Ischemic pain
- correct answer • Originates anywhere in the body
• Duration: short term
Described as aching, burning, prickling, or
shooting, depending on the location of the
,ischemia
Stimulus: existing condition; chemical
Which of the following could increase the risk of having a seizure or injury from a seizure? Select all that
apply
- correct answer 1. Poor management of diabetes and insulin
2. If an aura is experienced, ignore it
Which of the following is a cause of an acute symptomatic seizure? Select all that apply.
- correct answer 1. Abnormally low sodium level
2. Acute traumatic head injury
3. Insulin overdose
4. Drug or alcohol withdrawal
What is the goal of perfusion?
- correct answer Flood the tissues with high amounts of oxygen and nutrients.
Drag and drop the perfusion type to match the corresponding description.
Amount of blood pumped by the heart each minute. _______Volume of blood that flows from arteries
to capillaries. _______
- correct answer Central
Tissue
Targets vital organs
- correct answer Central perfusion
,Targets skin and local areas
- correct answer Tissue perfusion
Targets the brain
- correct answer Cerebral perfusion
Targets the heart
- correct answer Myocardial perfusion
Infarction
- correct answer area of dead tissue
Hypoxia
- correct answer not enough oxygen to exchange
Hypoxemia
- correct answer not enough oxygen in the blood
Necrosis
- correct answer tissue death
Ischemia
- correct answer poor perfusion to the tissue/organ
What are some risk factors associated with a case of poor perfusion due to an artery blockage?
- correct answer Dyslipidemia(abnormally high or low amounts of any or all lipids or lipoproteins in the
blood)
Atherosclerotic heart disease
Hypertension
, Prevention level for DASH diet
- correct answer primary
Prevention level for Lipid screening
- correct answer secondary
Prevention level for lipid lowering agents
- correct answer tertiary
Prevention level for stent placement
- correct answer tertiary
Prevention level for weight management
- correct answer primary
Prevention level for physical
- correct answer secondary
______________ is the __________ lipoprotein that is used to transport ____________ away from the
peripheral cells to the liver for ____________.
- correct answer High-density lipoprotein
Good
Cholesterol
Excretion
Which statement describes the cause of coronary artery disease?
- correct answer A buildup of plaque on the inside of a coronary artery leads to reduced heart
circulation.
Which clinical manifestations are observable when an individual has coronary artery disease? Select all
that apply.
- correct answer Shortness of breath while exercising
Palpitations
A+ Grade 2026\2027
When a person is injured, which substances contribute to the pain they experience? Select all that apply
- correct answer Bradykinin
Histamine
Prostaglandin
Acute pain
- correct answer Described as sharp
Originates anywhere in the body (somatic
or visceral); localized or generalized
Chronic pain
- correct answer Example: persistent headaches
Described as aching, throbbing, or widespread
Originates anywhere in the body; generalized
and unable to state an exact location
Ischemic pain
- correct answer • Originates anywhere in the body
• Duration: short term
Described as aching, burning, prickling, or
shooting, depending on the location of the
,ischemia
Stimulus: existing condition; chemical
Which of the following could increase the risk of having a seizure or injury from a seizure? Select all that
apply
- correct answer 1. Poor management of diabetes and insulin
2. If an aura is experienced, ignore it
Which of the following is a cause of an acute symptomatic seizure? Select all that apply.
- correct answer 1. Abnormally low sodium level
2. Acute traumatic head injury
3. Insulin overdose
4. Drug or alcohol withdrawal
What is the goal of perfusion?
- correct answer Flood the tissues with high amounts of oxygen and nutrients.
Drag and drop the perfusion type to match the corresponding description.
Amount of blood pumped by the heart each minute. _______Volume of blood that flows from arteries
to capillaries. _______
- correct answer Central
Tissue
Targets vital organs
- correct answer Central perfusion
,Targets skin and local areas
- correct answer Tissue perfusion
Targets the brain
- correct answer Cerebral perfusion
Targets the heart
- correct answer Myocardial perfusion
Infarction
- correct answer area of dead tissue
Hypoxia
- correct answer not enough oxygen to exchange
Hypoxemia
- correct answer not enough oxygen in the blood
Necrosis
- correct answer tissue death
Ischemia
- correct answer poor perfusion to the tissue/organ
What are some risk factors associated with a case of poor perfusion due to an artery blockage?
- correct answer Dyslipidemia(abnormally high or low amounts of any or all lipids or lipoproteins in the
blood)
Atherosclerotic heart disease
Hypertension
, Prevention level for DASH diet
- correct answer primary
Prevention level for Lipid screening
- correct answer secondary
Prevention level for lipid lowering agents
- correct answer tertiary
Prevention level for stent placement
- correct answer tertiary
Prevention level for weight management
- correct answer primary
Prevention level for physical
- correct answer secondary
______________ is the __________ lipoprotein that is used to transport ____________ away from the
peripheral cells to the liver for ____________.
- correct answer High-density lipoprotein
Good
Cholesterol
Excretion
Which statement describes the cause of coronary artery disease?
- correct answer A buildup of plaque on the inside of a coronary artery leads to reduced heart
circulation.
Which clinical manifestations are observable when an individual has coronary artery disease? Select all
that apply.
- correct answer Shortness of breath while exercising
Palpitations
