JERSEY COLLEGE NUTRITION Final Question and
Answer [2026/2027] | UPDATED ACTUAL Exam |
Latest Version
• Atom . CORRECT ANSWER: Basic building block of all matter.
• Proton . CORRECT ANSWER: Positively charged particle in an atom's nucleus.
• Neutron . CORRECT ANSWER: Neutral particle in an atom's nucleus.
• Electron . CORRECT ANSWER: Negatively charged particle orbiting the
nucleus.
• Nucleus . CORRECT ANSWER: Center of an atom containing protons and
neutrons.
• Electron cloud . CORRECT ANSWER: Region where electrons move around
the nucleus.
• Unpaired electrons . CORRECT ANSWER: Electrons that do not have a pair.
• Superoxide . CORRECT ANSWER: O2 molecule with one unpaired electron.
• Free radicals . CORRECT ANSWER: Atoms/molecules with unpaired electrons,
highly reactive.
• Reactive oxygen species . CORRECT ANSWER: Oxygen-containing free
radicals, e.g., hydrogen peroxide.
,• Chain reactions . CORRECT ANSWER: Processes where free radicals damage
cells.
• Free radical detoxifying enzymes . CORRECT ANSWER: Enzymes that protect
cells from free radicals.
• Antioxidants . CORRECT ANSWER: Substances that block free radicals from
stealing electrons.
• Superoxide Dismutases (SOD) . CORRECT ANSWER: Enzymes converting
superoxides to hydrogen peroxide and oxygen.
• Catalase . CORRECT ANSWER: Enzyme converting hydrogen peroxide to
water and oxygen.
• Glutathione Peroxidases . CORRECT ANSWER: Enzymes converting hydrogen
peroxide to water and oxygen.
• Hydrophilic antioxidants . CORRECT ANSWER: Water-soluble antioxidants
acting in cytosol or blood.
• Hydrophobic antioxidants . CORRECT ANSWER: Fat-soluble antioxidants
protecting cell membranes.
• Glutathione . CORRECT ANSWER: Antioxidant composed of three amino
acids.
,• Uric Acid . CORRECT ANSWER: Metabolic intermediate that disables free
radicals.
• Vitamin A . CORRECT ANSWER: Fat-soluble antioxidant protecting cellular
membranes.
• Vitamin E . CORRECT ANSWER: Fat-soluble antioxidant preventing
glutathione depletion.
• Vitamin C . CORRECT ANSWER: Water-soluble antioxidant protecting DNA
and proteins.
• Oxidative stress . CORRECT ANSWER: Imbalance between free radicals and
detoxifying systems.
• Vitamin C . CORRECT ANSWER: Water-soluble vitamin essential for immune
function.
• Ascorbic Acid . CORRECT ANSWER: Chemical name for Vitamin C.
• Antioxidant . CORRECT ANSWER: Substance that prevents oxidation of other
molecules.
• Collagen Synthesis . CORRECT ANSWER: Vitamin C is required for collagen
production.
• Vitamin E . CORRECT ANSWER: Fat-soluble vitamin involved in antioxidant
defense.
, • CVD . CORRECT ANSWER: Cardiovascular disease, linked to vitamin
deficiencies.
• Fat Soluble . CORRECT ANSWER: Vitamins that require fat for absorption.
• Vitamin A . CORRECT ANSWER: Essential for vision and immune health.
• Retinoids . CORRECT ANSWER: Forms of Vitamin A including retinol and
retinal.
• Phytochemicals . CORRECT ANSWER: Plant chemicals with antioxidant
properties.
• Carotenoids . CORRECT ANSWER: Plant pigments aiding vision and heart
health.
• Flavonoids . CORRECT ANSWER: Plant compounds reducing cardiovascular
disease risk.
• Organosulfur Compounds . CORRECT ANSWER: Found in garlic, may reduce
CVD risk.
• Lignans . CORRECT ANSWER: Plant compounds that may mimic estrogen.
• Selenium . CORRECT ANSWER: Mineral aiding in detoxification and immune
response.
Answer [2026/2027] | UPDATED ACTUAL Exam |
Latest Version
• Atom . CORRECT ANSWER: Basic building block of all matter.
• Proton . CORRECT ANSWER: Positively charged particle in an atom's nucleus.
• Neutron . CORRECT ANSWER: Neutral particle in an atom's nucleus.
• Electron . CORRECT ANSWER: Negatively charged particle orbiting the
nucleus.
• Nucleus . CORRECT ANSWER: Center of an atom containing protons and
neutrons.
• Electron cloud . CORRECT ANSWER: Region where electrons move around
the nucleus.
• Unpaired electrons . CORRECT ANSWER: Electrons that do not have a pair.
• Superoxide . CORRECT ANSWER: O2 molecule with one unpaired electron.
• Free radicals . CORRECT ANSWER: Atoms/molecules with unpaired electrons,
highly reactive.
• Reactive oxygen species . CORRECT ANSWER: Oxygen-containing free
radicals, e.g., hydrogen peroxide.
,• Chain reactions . CORRECT ANSWER: Processes where free radicals damage
cells.
• Free radical detoxifying enzymes . CORRECT ANSWER: Enzymes that protect
cells from free radicals.
• Antioxidants . CORRECT ANSWER: Substances that block free radicals from
stealing electrons.
• Superoxide Dismutases (SOD) . CORRECT ANSWER: Enzymes converting
superoxides to hydrogen peroxide and oxygen.
• Catalase . CORRECT ANSWER: Enzyme converting hydrogen peroxide to
water and oxygen.
• Glutathione Peroxidases . CORRECT ANSWER: Enzymes converting hydrogen
peroxide to water and oxygen.
• Hydrophilic antioxidants . CORRECT ANSWER: Water-soluble antioxidants
acting in cytosol or blood.
• Hydrophobic antioxidants . CORRECT ANSWER: Fat-soluble antioxidants
protecting cell membranes.
• Glutathione . CORRECT ANSWER: Antioxidant composed of three amino
acids.
,• Uric Acid . CORRECT ANSWER: Metabolic intermediate that disables free
radicals.
• Vitamin A . CORRECT ANSWER: Fat-soluble antioxidant protecting cellular
membranes.
• Vitamin E . CORRECT ANSWER: Fat-soluble antioxidant preventing
glutathione depletion.
• Vitamin C . CORRECT ANSWER: Water-soluble antioxidant protecting DNA
and proteins.
• Oxidative stress . CORRECT ANSWER: Imbalance between free radicals and
detoxifying systems.
• Vitamin C . CORRECT ANSWER: Water-soluble vitamin essential for immune
function.
• Ascorbic Acid . CORRECT ANSWER: Chemical name for Vitamin C.
• Antioxidant . CORRECT ANSWER: Substance that prevents oxidation of other
molecules.
• Collagen Synthesis . CORRECT ANSWER: Vitamin C is required for collagen
production.
• Vitamin E . CORRECT ANSWER: Fat-soluble vitamin involved in antioxidant
defense.
, • CVD . CORRECT ANSWER: Cardiovascular disease, linked to vitamin
deficiencies.
• Fat Soluble . CORRECT ANSWER: Vitamins that require fat for absorption.
• Vitamin A . CORRECT ANSWER: Essential for vision and immune health.
• Retinoids . CORRECT ANSWER: Forms of Vitamin A including retinol and
retinal.
• Phytochemicals . CORRECT ANSWER: Plant chemicals with antioxidant
properties.
• Carotenoids . CORRECT ANSWER: Plant pigments aiding vision and heart
health.
• Flavonoids . CORRECT ANSWER: Plant compounds reducing cardiovascular
disease risk.
• Organosulfur Compounds . CORRECT ANSWER: Found in garlic, may reduce
CVD risk.
• Lignans . CORRECT ANSWER: Plant compounds that may mimic estrogen.
• Selenium . CORRECT ANSWER: Mineral aiding in detoxification and immune
response.
