HESI A2 ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY EXAM AND
PRACTICE EXAM NEWEST 2026/2027 TEST BANK|
COMPLETE REAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
VERIFIED ANSWERS/ ALREADY GRADED A+ (BRAND
NEW!!)
1. Which organelle is responsible for producing adenosine
triphosphate (ATP)?
A) Ribosome
B) Nucleus
C) Mitochondria
D) Golgi apparatus
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Mitochondria are often called the "powerhouses of the
cell" because they generate ATP through cellular respiration.
Ribosomes synthesize proteins, the nucleus contains DNA, and the
Golgi apparatus modifies and packages proteins.
1
,2. The process by which cells engulf large particles or bacteria is
called:
A) Pinocytosis
B) Phagocytosis
C) Exocytosis
D) Osmosis
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Phagocytosis ("cell eating") is a form of endocytosis
where the cell membrane wraps around large solid particles,
such as bacteria, to internalize them. Pinocytosis is "cell drinking"
of fluids, exocytosis releases materials, and osmosis is the
movement of water across a membrane.
3. Which term means "toward the midline of the body"?
A) Lateral
B) Proximal
2
,C) Distal
D) Medial
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Medial indicates a position closer to the body's
midline, whereas lateral means farther away from the midline.
Proximal means closer to the point of attachment, and distal
means farther away.
4. A section that divides the body into superior and inferior
portions is called:
A) Coronal
B) Sagittal
C) Transverse
D) Dorsal
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A transverse (horizontal) plane cuts perpendicular to
the long axis of the body, creating upper (superior) and lower
3
, (inferior) sections. The coronal plane divides front/back, and the
sagittal plane divides left/right.
5. Which of the following is the basic structural and functional
unit of the human body?
A) Tissue
B) Organ
C) Cell
D) System
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The cell is the smallest independent unit of life that can
carry out all vital functions. Tissues are groups of similar cells,
organs are composed of tissues, and systems are composed of
multiple organs.
6. Which type of tissue covers body surfaces and lines body
cavities?
4
PRACTICE EXAM NEWEST 2026/2027 TEST BANK|
COMPLETE REAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
VERIFIED ANSWERS/ ALREADY GRADED A+ (BRAND
NEW!!)
1. Which organelle is responsible for producing adenosine
triphosphate (ATP)?
A) Ribosome
B) Nucleus
C) Mitochondria
D) Golgi apparatus
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Mitochondria are often called the "powerhouses of the
cell" because they generate ATP through cellular respiration.
Ribosomes synthesize proteins, the nucleus contains DNA, and the
Golgi apparatus modifies and packages proteins.
1
,2. The process by which cells engulf large particles or bacteria is
called:
A) Pinocytosis
B) Phagocytosis
C) Exocytosis
D) Osmosis
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Phagocytosis ("cell eating") is a form of endocytosis
where the cell membrane wraps around large solid particles,
such as bacteria, to internalize them. Pinocytosis is "cell drinking"
of fluids, exocytosis releases materials, and osmosis is the
movement of water across a membrane.
3. Which term means "toward the midline of the body"?
A) Lateral
B) Proximal
2
,C) Distal
D) Medial
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Medial indicates a position closer to the body's
midline, whereas lateral means farther away from the midline.
Proximal means closer to the point of attachment, and distal
means farther away.
4. A section that divides the body into superior and inferior
portions is called:
A) Coronal
B) Sagittal
C) Transverse
D) Dorsal
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A transverse (horizontal) plane cuts perpendicular to
the long axis of the body, creating upper (superior) and lower
3
, (inferior) sections. The coronal plane divides front/back, and the
sagittal plane divides left/right.
5. Which of the following is the basic structural and functional
unit of the human body?
A) Tissue
B) Organ
C) Cell
D) System
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The cell is the smallest independent unit of life that can
carry out all vital functions. Tissues are groups of similar cells,
organs are composed of tissues, and systems are composed of
multiple organs.
6. Which type of tissue covers body surfaces and lines body
cavities?
4
