MGT 8803 Final Exam 2026/2027 – Key
Concepts, Practice Questions & Solutions
3 factors that effect planning of organization - correct answer-1) organization
level (more heirarchy better with more stability)
2) degree of uncertainty (more uncertain, shorter planning horizon)
3) length of future commitments (planning horizon should be as long as length of
longest commitment by management
4 functions of management - correct answer-1) planning: business goals
2) organizing: allocating resources
3) leading: coordinating and directing
4) controlling: observe and analyze metrics to ensure completion of task
4 types of plans - correct answer-1) strategic: broad plans with missions and goals
2) functional: related to areas of biz that support strategic plans
3) operational/tactical: narrow focus of specific activities
4) contingency: handles risks and what-ifs
business strategy - correct answer-Goal directed actions to achieve superior
performance and develop competitive advantage
,creating competitive advantage - correct answer-1) cost leadership: underprice
competition but retain higher profit margin
2) differentiation: charge higher premium than competitors for better value
3) focus (segmentation): market niches -- goes well with differentiation
competitive parity - correct answer-When 2 or more firms in the same industry
perform at the same level
firm's business model - correct answer-Results of prior choices processes and
relationships that are unique to the firm that help explain performance along with
strategy
components of a business model - correct answer-1) markets service served:
selection of markets firm chooses to compete in
2) firm infrastructure: development of core competencies to create competitive
advantage
3) economic model and how revenues are generated and sources of cost
core competencies - correct answer-Unique capabilities and resources that
enable the firm to deliver and support a value proposition to its customer
activity map - correct answer-Diagnostic tool that can be used to understand how
an organization connects its value prop to the activities that enable the
organization to create a competitive advantage
- Darker circles represent foundations of the business model
,- Lighter circler show how strategy is implemented through clusters of tightly
linked activities
- Useful for strengthening strategic fit and assessing source and strength of
competitive advantage
levels of strategy - correct answer-1) corporate level strategy: what businesses
company will vest in and what they will do + sets grand strategies
2) business unit level strategy: competitive strategy is developed (small firm -- biz
and corp function as one // large firm -- each of biz units develop their own
buisness unit level strategy)
3) functional level strategy: activities of different functional areas to help achieve
overall biz strategy
grand strategies (business strategies) - correct answer-1) growth strategy:
organization attempts to increase level of its operations to increase revenue and
profitability
2) stability strategy: absence of significant change -- maintaining market share
(small firm -- reduces risk and defends position // large firm -- use in comb of
other strategies while pursuing expansion for others)
3) renewal strategy: defensive strategy -- reducing in size or seeking stability
(retrenchment: short run strategy for minor performance problems //
turnaround: for more serious issues like bankruptcy)
4 ways firms grow - correct answer-1) concentration: focusing on core business
and increasing volume of products offered or number of markets served
2) diversification: growth via different industry -- determined at corp level
3) vertical integration: growing by gaining control of either firm inputs or outputs
4) horizontal integration: growing by combining with a competitor
, AFI framework - correct answer-1) analysis: vision, mission, values, external and
interal analysis
2) formulation: corporate, business, and functional strategy
3) implementation: structure, culture, processes, capabilities, tech, governance,
and business ethics
strategic management process - correct answer-1) identify organization's mission,
obj, and strategies
2) analyze external environment
3) evaluated internal resources
^^ SWOT analysis
4) managers formulate strategies
5) implementation of strategies
6) managers evaluate results
vision statement - correct answer-Expression about what the organization
ultimately wants to accomplish
strategic intent - correct answer-Staking out of a desired leadership position in
the industry -- focus on future and attainment of ambitious, challenging goals
strategic planning process - correct answer-- confirm mission, vision, core values
- deviated from purpose and vision?
- is vision aspirational?
Concepts, Practice Questions & Solutions
3 factors that effect planning of organization - correct answer-1) organization
level (more heirarchy better with more stability)
2) degree of uncertainty (more uncertain, shorter planning horizon)
3) length of future commitments (planning horizon should be as long as length of
longest commitment by management
4 functions of management - correct answer-1) planning: business goals
2) organizing: allocating resources
3) leading: coordinating and directing
4) controlling: observe and analyze metrics to ensure completion of task
4 types of plans - correct answer-1) strategic: broad plans with missions and goals
2) functional: related to areas of biz that support strategic plans
3) operational/tactical: narrow focus of specific activities
4) contingency: handles risks and what-ifs
business strategy - correct answer-Goal directed actions to achieve superior
performance and develop competitive advantage
,creating competitive advantage - correct answer-1) cost leadership: underprice
competition but retain higher profit margin
2) differentiation: charge higher premium than competitors for better value
3) focus (segmentation): market niches -- goes well with differentiation
competitive parity - correct answer-When 2 or more firms in the same industry
perform at the same level
firm's business model - correct answer-Results of prior choices processes and
relationships that are unique to the firm that help explain performance along with
strategy
components of a business model - correct answer-1) markets service served:
selection of markets firm chooses to compete in
2) firm infrastructure: development of core competencies to create competitive
advantage
3) economic model and how revenues are generated and sources of cost
core competencies - correct answer-Unique capabilities and resources that
enable the firm to deliver and support a value proposition to its customer
activity map - correct answer-Diagnostic tool that can be used to understand how
an organization connects its value prop to the activities that enable the
organization to create a competitive advantage
- Darker circles represent foundations of the business model
,- Lighter circler show how strategy is implemented through clusters of tightly
linked activities
- Useful for strengthening strategic fit and assessing source and strength of
competitive advantage
levels of strategy - correct answer-1) corporate level strategy: what businesses
company will vest in and what they will do + sets grand strategies
2) business unit level strategy: competitive strategy is developed (small firm -- biz
and corp function as one // large firm -- each of biz units develop their own
buisness unit level strategy)
3) functional level strategy: activities of different functional areas to help achieve
overall biz strategy
grand strategies (business strategies) - correct answer-1) growth strategy:
organization attempts to increase level of its operations to increase revenue and
profitability
2) stability strategy: absence of significant change -- maintaining market share
(small firm -- reduces risk and defends position // large firm -- use in comb of
other strategies while pursuing expansion for others)
3) renewal strategy: defensive strategy -- reducing in size or seeking stability
(retrenchment: short run strategy for minor performance problems //
turnaround: for more serious issues like bankruptcy)
4 ways firms grow - correct answer-1) concentration: focusing on core business
and increasing volume of products offered or number of markets served
2) diversification: growth via different industry -- determined at corp level
3) vertical integration: growing by gaining control of either firm inputs or outputs
4) horizontal integration: growing by combining with a competitor
, AFI framework - correct answer-1) analysis: vision, mission, values, external and
interal analysis
2) formulation: corporate, business, and functional strategy
3) implementation: structure, culture, processes, capabilities, tech, governance,
and business ethics
strategic management process - correct answer-1) identify organization's mission,
obj, and strategies
2) analyze external environment
3) evaluated internal resources
^^ SWOT analysis
4) managers formulate strategies
5) implementation of strategies
6) managers evaluate results
vision statement - correct answer-Expression about what the organization
ultimately wants to accomplish
strategic intent - correct answer-Staking out of a desired leadership position in
the industry -- focus on future and attainment of ambitious, challenging goals
strategic planning process - correct answer-- confirm mission, vision, core values
- deviated from purpose and vision?
- is vision aspirational?
