BIO 315 Exam 1 (UKY) 2026/2027 | Cell
Biology Study Guide | Practice Questions &
Answers
Condenser - correct answer-microscope component that focuses light on objects
under study
objective lens - correct answer-enlarges the image of the specimen
eyepiece (ocular lens) - correct answer-magnifies the image, usually 10 times
light microscope - correct answer-microscope that uses a beam of light passing
through one or more lenses to magnify an object
Magnification - correct answer-objective x ocular lens
Resolution of a microscope - correct answer-minimum distance at which two
points can be discriminated
numerical aperture (NA) - correct answer-measure of light gathering ability of
lens, n x sin(Theta)
"n" - correct answer-refractive index (air=1, oil=1.5)
, equation for resolution (d) - correct answer-d= 0.61(wavelength)/n x sin(theta) ;
higher d value= worse resolution
light microscopy upper limits - correct answer-mag= 1000x; res=0.2 micrometers
bright field microscopy - correct answer-generates a dark image of an object over
a light background
Phase contrast and differential interference contrast - correct answer-tease apart
differences in refraction in parts of cells of unstained samples
fluorescence microscopy - correct answer-uses fluorochromes to release visible
light upon absorption of UV rays; useful for live cell imaging
Immunofluorescence - correct answer-uses fluorochrome antibodies to locate
specific cellular structures
laser scanning confocal microscopy - correct answer-produces an image of a thin
plane located within a much thicker specimen; laser beam is used to examine
planes at different depths in a specimen; the multiple images can be stacked into
a 3D rendering
STORM (stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy) - correct answer-allows the
localization of a single fluorescent molecule within a resolution of less than 20 nm
Biology Study Guide | Practice Questions &
Answers
Condenser - correct answer-microscope component that focuses light on objects
under study
objective lens - correct answer-enlarges the image of the specimen
eyepiece (ocular lens) - correct answer-magnifies the image, usually 10 times
light microscope - correct answer-microscope that uses a beam of light passing
through one or more lenses to magnify an object
Magnification - correct answer-objective x ocular lens
Resolution of a microscope - correct answer-minimum distance at which two
points can be discriminated
numerical aperture (NA) - correct answer-measure of light gathering ability of
lens, n x sin(Theta)
"n" - correct answer-refractive index (air=1, oil=1.5)
, equation for resolution (d) - correct answer-d= 0.61(wavelength)/n x sin(theta) ;
higher d value= worse resolution
light microscopy upper limits - correct answer-mag= 1000x; res=0.2 micrometers
bright field microscopy - correct answer-generates a dark image of an object over
a light background
Phase contrast and differential interference contrast - correct answer-tease apart
differences in refraction in parts of cells of unstained samples
fluorescence microscopy - correct answer-uses fluorochromes to release visible
light upon absorption of UV rays; useful for live cell imaging
Immunofluorescence - correct answer-uses fluorochrome antibodies to locate
specific cellular structures
laser scanning confocal microscopy - correct answer-produces an image of a thin
plane located within a much thicker specimen; laser beam is used to examine
planes at different depths in a specimen; the multiple images can be stacked into
a 3D rendering
STORM (stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy) - correct answer-allows the
localization of a single fluorescent molecule within a resolution of less than 20 nm
