ABA 628: Deck G Exam Review 2026/2027
| High-Yield Study Notes | Questions &
Answers
Abolishing operation (AO) - correct answer-A motivating operation that decreases
the reinforcing effectiveness of a stimulus, object, or event. For example, the
reinforcing effectiveness of food is abolished as a result of food ingestion.;Backup
reinforcers - correct answer-Preferred items, activities, or privileges that
participants obtain by exchanging earned tokens in a token economy.;Backward
chaining - correct answer-A teaching procedure in which a trainer completes all
but the last behavior in a chain, which is performed by the learner, who then
receives reinforcement for completing the chain. When the learner shows
competence in performing the final step in the chain, the trainer performs all but
the last two behaviors in the chain, the learner emits the final two steps to
complete the chain, and reinforcement is delivered. This sequence is continued
until the learner completes the entire chain independently.;Backward chaining
with leaps ahead - correct answer-A backward chaining procedure in which some
steps in the task analysis are skipped; used to increase the efficiency of teaching
long behavior chains when there is evidence that the skipped steps are in the
learner's repertoire.;Behavior chain - correct answer-A sequence of responses in
which each response produces a stimulus change that functions as conditioned
reinforcement for that response and as a discriminative stimulus for the next
response in the chain; reinforcement for the last response in a chain maintains
the reinforcing effectiveness of the stimulus changes produced by all previous
responses in the chain. Every step in the process of making a cup of tea, for
, example, would be considered a behavior chain; each step builds on the
last.;Chaining - correct answer-Various methods for linking specific sequences of
stimuli and responses to form new performances.;Conditional discrimination -
correct answer-Performance in a match-to sample procedure in which
discrimination between the comparison stimuli is conditional on, or depends on,
the sample stimulus present on each trial.;Conditioned reinforcer - correct
answer-A stimulus change that functions as a reinforcer because of prior pairing
with one or more other reinforcers. Sometimes called secondary or learned
reinforcer.;Constant time delay - correct answer-A procedure for transferring
stimulus control from contrived response prompts to naturally existing stimuli.
After the student has responded correctly to several 0-second delay trials, after
which presentation of the response prompt follows the instructional stimulus by a
predetermined and fixed delay (usually
3 or 4 seconds) for all subsequent trials.;Contingency contract - correct answer-A
mutually agreed-upon document between parties (e.g., parent and child)
describing a contingent relationship between the completion of specific
behavior(s) and access to specific reinforcer(s).;Dependent group contingency -
correct answer-A contingency in which reinforcement for all members of a group
is dependent on the behavior of one member of the group or the behavior of a
select group of members within the larger group.;Differential reinforcement of
alternative behavior
(DRA) - correct answer-A procedure for decreasing problem behaviors in which
reinforcement is delivered for a behavior that serves as a desirable alternative to
the behavior targeted for reduction and withheld following instances of the
problem behavior (e.g., reinforcing completion of academic worksheet items
when the behavior targeted for reduction is talk-outs).;Differential reinforcement
of diminishing rates
(DRD) - correct answer-A schedule of reinforcement in which reinforcement is
provided at the end of a predetermined interval, contingent on the number of
responses emitted during the interval being fewer than a gradually decreasing
criterion based on the individual's performance in previous intervals (e.g. fewer
than five responses per 5 minutes, fewer than four responses per 5 minutes,
| High-Yield Study Notes | Questions &
Answers
Abolishing operation (AO) - correct answer-A motivating operation that decreases
the reinforcing effectiveness of a stimulus, object, or event. For example, the
reinforcing effectiveness of food is abolished as a result of food ingestion.;Backup
reinforcers - correct answer-Preferred items, activities, or privileges that
participants obtain by exchanging earned tokens in a token economy.;Backward
chaining - correct answer-A teaching procedure in which a trainer completes all
but the last behavior in a chain, which is performed by the learner, who then
receives reinforcement for completing the chain. When the learner shows
competence in performing the final step in the chain, the trainer performs all but
the last two behaviors in the chain, the learner emits the final two steps to
complete the chain, and reinforcement is delivered. This sequence is continued
until the learner completes the entire chain independently.;Backward chaining
with leaps ahead - correct answer-A backward chaining procedure in which some
steps in the task analysis are skipped; used to increase the efficiency of teaching
long behavior chains when there is evidence that the skipped steps are in the
learner's repertoire.;Behavior chain - correct answer-A sequence of responses in
which each response produces a stimulus change that functions as conditioned
reinforcement for that response and as a discriminative stimulus for the next
response in the chain; reinforcement for the last response in a chain maintains
the reinforcing effectiveness of the stimulus changes produced by all previous
responses in the chain. Every step in the process of making a cup of tea, for
, example, would be considered a behavior chain; each step builds on the
last.;Chaining - correct answer-Various methods for linking specific sequences of
stimuli and responses to form new performances.;Conditional discrimination -
correct answer-Performance in a match-to sample procedure in which
discrimination between the comparison stimuli is conditional on, or depends on,
the sample stimulus present on each trial.;Conditioned reinforcer - correct
answer-A stimulus change that functions as a reinforcer because of prior pairing
with one or more other reinforcers. Sometimes called secondary or learned
reinforcer.;Constant time delay - correct answer-A procedure for transferring
stimulus control from contrived response prompts to naturally existing stimuli.
After the student has responded correctly to several 0-second delay trials, after
which presentation of the response prompt follows the instructional stimulus by a
predetermined and fixed delay (usually
3 or 4 seconds) for all subsequent trials.;Contingency contract - correct answer-A
mutually agreed-upon document between parties (e.g., parent and child)
describing a contingent relationship between the completion of specific
behavior(s) and access to specific reinforcer(s).;Dependent group contingency -
correct answer-A contingency in which reinforcement for all members of a group
is dependent on the behavior of one member of the group or the behavior of a
select group of members within the larger group.;Differential reinforcement of
alternative behavior
(DRA) - correct answer-A procedure for decreasing problem behaviors in which
reinforcement is delivered for a behavior that serves as a desirable alternative to
the behavior targeted for reduction and withheld following instances of the
problem behavior (e.g., reinforcing completion of academic worksheet items
when the behavior targeted for reduction is talk-outs).;Differential reinforcement
of diminishing rates
(DRD) - correct answer-A schedule of reinforcement in which reinforcement is
provided at the end of a predetermined interval, contingent on the number of
responses emitted during the interval being fewer than a gradually decreasing
criterion based on the individual's performance in previous intervals (e.g. fewer
than five responses per 5 minutes, fewer than four responses per 5 minutes,
