Biotechnology Certification
Examination Questions and
Correct Answers (Verified
Answers) Plus Rationales 2026
Q&A | Instant Download Pdf
1. Biotechnology is the application of biological systems to:
A. Study stars
B. Develop useful products and technologies
C. Measure earthquakes
D. Classify rocks
Answer: B. Develop useful products and technologies
Rationale: Biotechnology uses living organisms, cells, or biological molecules to
produce useful products and solve practical problems.
2. The molecule that stores genetic information in most living organisms is:
A. RNA
B. ATP
C. DNA
D. Protein
Answer: C. DNA
Rationale: DNA contains the hereditary information that directs cell structure and
function.
,3. The basic functional unit of heredity is the:
A. Chromosome
B. Enzyme
C. Gene
D. Ribosome
Answer: C. Gene
Rationale: A gene is a segment of DNA that contains instructions for producing a
functional product.
4. DNA is composed of repeating units called:
A. Amino acids
B. Lipids
C. Nucleotides
D. Monosaccharides
Answer: C. Nucleotides
Rationale: DNA consists of nucleotide subunits containing a sugar, phosphate
group, and nitrogenous base.
5. Which nitrogenous base is found in DNA but not RNA?
A. Uracil
B. Guanine
C. Cytosine
D. Thymine
Answer: D. Thymine
Rationale: DNA contains thymine, whereas RNA contains uracil instead.
6. Complementary base pairing in DNA occurs between adenine and:
,A. Cytosine
B. Guanine
C. Thymine
D. Uracil
Answer: C. Thymine
Rationale: Adenine pairs specifically with thymine through two hydrogen bonds.
7. The process of copying DNA is called:
A. Translation
B. Transcription
C. Replication
D. Mutation
Answer: C. Replication
Rationale: DNA replication produces identical copies of DNA before cell division.
8. The enzyme primarily responsible for DNA synthesis during replication is:
A. Ligase
B. Helicase
C. DNA polymerase
D. Primase
Answer: C. DNA polymerase
Rationale: DNA polymerase adds nucleotides to form a new DNA strand.
9. Helicase functions by:
A. Joining DNA fragments
B. Unwinding the DNA double helix
C. Synthesizing RNA
D. Cutting proteins
, Answer: B. Unwinding the DNA double helix
Rationale: Helicase separates DNA strands by breaking hydrogen bonds.
10. The process of producing RNA from DNA is called:
A. Replication
B. Translation
C. Transcription
D. Recombination
Answer: C. Transcription
Rationale: During transcription, RNA polymerase synthesizes RNA using DNA as a
template.
11. Messenger RNA (mRNA) carries genetic information from:
A. Ribosome to nucleus
B. Cell membrane to nucleus
C. DNA to ribosomes
D. Cytoplasm to mitochondria
Answer: C. DNA to ribosomes
Rationale: mRNA transports genetic instructions for protein synthesis.
12. Protein synthesis occurs at the:
A. Nucleus
B. Golgi apparatus
C. Ribosome
D. Lysosome
Answer: C. Ribosome
Rationale: Ribosomes translate mRNA into proteins.
Examination Questions and
Correct Answers (Verified
Answers) Plus Rationales 2026
Q&A | Instant Download Pdf
1. Biotechnology is the application of biological systems to:
A. Study stars
B. Develop useful products and technologies
C. Measure earthquakes
D. Classify rocks
Answer: B. Develop useful products and technologies
Rationale: Biotechnology uses living organisms, cells, or biological molecules to
produce useful products and solve practical problems.
2. The molecule that stores genetic information in most living organisms is:
A. RNA
B. ATP
C. DNA
D. Protein
Answer: C. DNA
Rationale: DNA contains the hereditary information that directs cell structure and
function.
,3. The basic functional unit of heredity is the:
A. Chromosome
B. Enzyme
C. Gene
D. Ribosome
Answer: C. Gene
Rationale: A gene is a segment of DNA that contains instructions for producing a
functional product.
4. DNA is composed of repeating units called:
A. Amino acids
B. Lipids
C. Nucleotides
D. Monosaccharides
Answer: C. Nucleotides
Rationale: DNA consists of nucleotide subunits containing a sugar, phosphate
group, and nitrogenous base.
5. Which nitrogenous base is found in DNA but not RNA?
A. Uracil
B. Guanine
C. Cytosine
D. Thymine
Answer: D. Thymine
Rationale: DNA contains thymine, whereas RNA contains uracil instead.
6. Complementary base pairing in DNA occurs between adenine and:
,A. Cytosine
B. Guanine
C. Thymine
D. Uracil
Answer: C. Thymine
Rationale: Adenine pairs specifically with thymine through two hydrogen bonds.
7. The process of copying DNA is called:
A. Translation
B. Transcription
C. Replication
D. Mutation
Answer: C. Replication
Rationale: DNA replication produces identical copies of DNA before cell division.
8. The enzyme primarily responsible for DNA synthesis during replication is:
A. Ligase
B. Helicase
C. DNA polymerase
D. Primase
Answer: C. DNA polymerase
Rationale: DNA polymerase adds nucleotides to form a new DNA strand.
9. Helicase functions by:
A. Joining DNA fragments
B. Unwinding the DNA double helix
C. Synthesizing RNA
D. Cutting proteins
, Answer: B. Unwinding the DNA double helix
Rationale: Helicase separates DNA strands by breaking hydrogen bonds.
10. The process of producing RNA from DNA is called:
A. Replication
B. Translation
C. Transcription
D. Recombination
Answer: C. Transcription
Rationale: During transcription, RNA polymerase synthesizes RNA using DNA as a
template.
11. Messenger RNA (mRNA) carries genetic information from:
A. Ribosome to nucleus
B. Cell membrane to nucleus
C. DNA to ribosomes
D. Cytoplasm to mitochondria
Answer: C. DNA to ribosomes
Rationale: mRNA transports genetic instructions for protein synthesis.
12. Protein synthesis occurs at the:
A. Nucleus
B. Golgi apparatus
C. Ribosome
D. Lysosome
Answer: C. Ribosome
Rationale: Ribosomes translate mRNA into proteins.
