Applied Biotechnology
Examination Questions and
Correct Answers (Verified
Answers) Plus Rationales 2026
Q&A | Instant Download Pdf
1. Biotechnology is the use of:
A. Rocks to produce energy
B. Living organisms or their components to develop useful products and
processes
C. Weather systems to improve agriculture
D. Mechanical devices only
Answer: B. Living organisms or their components to develop useful products and
processes
Rationale: Biotechnology applies biological systems, organisms, or molecules to
create products and technologies for medicine, agriculture, industry, and
environmental management.
2. DNA stands for:
A. Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid
B. Deoxyribonucleic Acid
C. Dinucleic Acid
D. Double Nucleic Acid
,Answer: B. Deoxyribonucleic Acid
Rationale: DNA is the hereditary molecule that stores genetic information.
3. The basic unit of heredity is the:
A. Chromosome
B. Protein
C. Gene
D. Enzyme
Answer: C. Gene
Rationale: A gene is a segment of DNA that contains instructions for producing a
functional product.
4. The process of copying DNA is called:
A. Translation
B. Transcription
C. Replication
D. Mutation
Answer: C. Replication
Rationale: DNA replication produces an identical copy of DNA before cell division.
5. RNA is synthesized from DNA during:
A. Translation
B. Replication
C. Transcription
D. Transformation
Answer: C. Transcription
Rationale: Transcription copies genetic information from DNA into RNA.
,6. Protein synthesis from messenger RNA occurs during:
A. Replication
B. Translation
C. Mutation
D. Fermentation
Answer: B. Translation
Rationale: During translation, ribosomes read mRNA to assemble proteins.
7. The enzyme that synthesizes DNA during replication is:
A. RNA polymerase
B. Ligase
C. DNA polymerase
D. Helicase
Answer: C. DNA polymerase
Rationale: DNA polymerase adds nucleotides to form a new DNA strand.
8. The enzyme that unwinds DNA during replication is:
A. Ligase
B. Helicase
C. Primase
D. Reverse transcriptase
Answer: B. Helicase
Rationale: Helicase separates the two DNA strands by breaking hydrogen bonds.
9. A plasmid is:
, A. A bacterial chromosome
B. A small circular DNA molecule found in bacteria
C. A viral protein
D. A plant organelle
Answer: B. A small circular DNA molecule found in bacteria
Rationale: Plasmids are commonly used as vectors in genetic engineering.
10. A vector in biotechnology is used to:
A. Produce ATP
B. Transfer genetic material into a host cell
C. Destroy DNA
D. Measure pH
Answer: B. Transfer genetic material into a host cell
Rationale: Vectors such as plasmids deliver DNA into recipient cells.
11. Recombinant DNA technology involves:
A. Breaking down proteins
B. Combining DNA from different sources
C. Growing plants without soil
D. Producing antibiotics only
Answer: B. Combining DNA from different sources
Rationale: Recombinant DNA technology creates new DNA molecules by joining
DNA from different organisms.
12. Restriction enzymes function by:
A. Producing RNA
B. Cutting DNA at specific sequences
Examination Questions and
Correct Answers (Verified
Answers) Plus Rationales 2026
Q&A | Instant Download Pdf
1. Biotechnology is the use of:
A. Rocks to produce energy
B. Living organisms or their components to develop useful products and
processes
C. Weather systems to improve agriculture
D. Mechanical devices only
Answer: B. Living organisms or their components to develop useful products and
processes
Rationale: Biotechnology applies biological systems, organisms, or molecules to
create products and technologies for medicine, agriculture, industry, and
environmental management.
2. DNA stands for:
A. Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid
B. Deoxyribonucleic Acid
C. Dinucleic Acid
D. Double Nucleic Acid
,Answer: B. Deoxyribonucleic Acid
Rationale: DNA is the hereditary molecule that stores genetic information.
3. The basic unit of heredity is the:
A. Chromosome
B. Protein
C. Gene
D. Enzyme
Answer: C. Gene
Rationale: A gene is a segment of DNA that contains instructions for producing a
functional product.
4. The process of copying DNA is called:
A. Translation
B. Transcription
C. Replication
D. Mutation
Answer: C. Replication
Rationale: DNA replication produces an identical copy of DNA before cell division.
5. RNA is synthesized from DNA during:
A. Translation
B. Replication
C. Transcription
D. Transformation
Answer: C. Transcription
Rationale: Transcription copies genetic information from DNA into RNA.
,6. Protein synthesis from messenger RNA occurs during:
A. Replication
B. Translation
C. Mutation
D. Fermentation
Answer: B. Translation
Rationale: During translation, ribosomes read mRNA to assemble proteins.
7. The enzyme that synthesizes DNA during replication is:
A. RNA polymerase
B. Ligase
C. DNA polymerase
D. Helicase
Answer: C. DNA polymerase
Rationale: DNA polymerase adds nucleotides to form a new DNA strand.
8. The enzyme that unwinds DNA during replication is:
A. Ligase
B. Helicase
C. Primase
D. Reverse transcriptase
Answer: B. Helicase
Rationale: Helicase separates the two DNA strands by breaking hydrogen bonds.
9. A plasmid is:
, A. A bacterial chromosome
B. A small circular DNA molecule found in bacteria
C. A viral protein
D. A plant organelle
Answer: B. A small circular DNA molecule found in bacteria
Rationale: Plasmids are commonly used as vectors in genetic engineering.
10. A vector in biotechnology is used to:
A. Produce ATP
B. Transfer genetic material into a host cell
C. Destroy DNA
D. Measure pH
Answer: B. Transfer genetic material into a host cell
Rationale: Vectors such as plasmids deliver DNA into recipient cells.
11. Recombinant DNA technology involves:
A. Breaking down proteins
B. Combining DNA from different sources
C. Growing plants without soil
D. Producing antibiotics only
Answer: B. Combining DNA from different sources
Rationale: Recombinant DNA technology creates new DNA molecules by joining
DNA from different organisms.
12. Restriction enzymes function by:
A. Producing RNA
B. Cutting DNA at specific sequences
