Radiation Oncology Exam 1 with all Correct & 100%
Verified Answers |Latest Version |Already Graded A+
Screening Test ✔Correct Answer-Test used to detect cancer (or other diseases) at an earlier,
easier to treat stage
Can be a blood test, imaging or tissue sampling
Prevalence ✔Correct Answer-The probability of a disease in a population at a certain time
Sensitivity ✔Correct Answer-Screening tests should be high in this, meaning most of the time
if a person has the disease, the test will be positive
The ability of a test to give a true-positive result
Specificity ✔Correct Answer-If the test is positive, a person may or may not have the disease,
but doctors are alerted that person needs more evaluation
The ability of a test to obtain a true negative result
Incidence ✔Correct Answer-Probability that a patient without disease develops the disease
during a time interval
Ultrasound ✔Correct Answer-Uses sound waves to look at anatomy. No radiation
Fine Needle Aspirate (FNA) ✔Correct Answer-A small needle is placed in the tumor
Core Needle Biopsy (Core) ✔Correct Answer-Large needle used to collect tissue. We get a
better look at the architecture of the tissue
Incisional Biopsy ✔Correct Answer-A surgeon cuts out a piece of the tumor
Excisional Biopsy ✔Correct Answer-A surgeon removes the entire tumor, or node. For small
tumors only
Pathologist ✔Correct Answer-A physician who specializes in diagnosing disease by looking
under the microscope, and/or by analyzing samples of bodily fluids. They also study cadavers.
They will write a report about the cancer that goes into the patient's medical chart
-ectomy ✔Correct Answer-As a word ending, means removal of something
Lumpectomy ✔Correct Answer-Removal of the lump/part of the breast tissue
Mastectomy ✔Correct Answer-Removal of the entire breast
, Sentinel Lymph Node Procedure ✔Correct Answer-The idea that cells from the tumor can
slough off and travel to lymph nodes by small lymphatic channels (tubes). The channels will
drain to one or two nodes first, then to other nodes. The first nodes are called SENTINEL
NODES. If the first sentinel nodes are negative, it is unlikely that other nodes will be positive
Grade ✔Correct Answer-Based on characteristics of the cancer cells. A measure of how
aggressive a cancer looks, helps us predict how aggressive a cancer may behave
Staging ✔Correct Answer-Used to estimate prognosis, aid in research, and helps direct
treatment so it is appropriate to the patient's disease. Uses imaging, blood tests, biopsy results,
and sometimes the symptoms a patient is having. Different for each tumor location. Describes if
and how a cancer has spread in a patient's body
AJCC ✔Correct Answer-American Joint Commission on Cancer manual is used to stage tumors
T ✔Correct Answer-Tumor - how big, how invasive
N ✔Correct Answer-Nodes - are nodes involved, how many, where are there?
M ✔Correct Answer-Metastasis - has cancer gotten into the blood stream and spread to
distant organs?
CT Scan ✔Correct Answer-3D or 4D x-ray. 3D gives us a better look at anatomy, 4D lets us
watch the tumor move, great for lung cancer planning
MRI ✔Correct Answer-No radiation; magnetic field used to look at concentrations of water in
tissues. Helpful for the brain or spinal cord, where we can't see much on CT scan
Imaging ✔Correct Answer-Chest x-ray, all x-rays have radiation, the dose is low, so it is
generally safe
Nuclear Medicine ✔Correct Answer-Weakly radioactive material injected into a patient
Bone Scan ✔Correct Answer-The radioactive material goes to areas of bone formation, good
for metastatic disease that stimulates bone growth
PET Scan ✔Correct Answer-The radioactive marker is attached to sugar. It is taken up by cells
that are working hard, or dividing a lot. We can see the brain, and hear, they work hard. Can
also see infection, the immune system may be working and dividing if there is infection. We can
also see tumor
CTV ✔Correct Answer-Clinical target volume - what we can see + microscopic
Verified Answers |Latest Version |Already Graded A+
Screening Test ✔Correct Answer-Test used to detect cancer (or other diseases) at an earlier,
easier to treat stage
Can be a blood test, imaging or tissue sampling
Prevalence ✔Correct Answer-The probability of a disease in a population at a certain time
Sensitivity ✔Correct Answer-Screening tests should be high in this, meaning most of the time
if a person has the disease, the test will be positive
The ability of a test to give a true-positive result
Specificity ✔Correct Answer-If the test is positive, a person may or may not have the disease,
but doctors are alerted that person needs more evaluation
The ability of a test to obtain a true negative result
Incidence ✔Correct Answer-Probability that a patient without disease develops the disease
during a time interval
Ultrasound ✔Correct Answer-Uses sound waves to look at anatomy. No radiation
Fine Needle Aspirate (FNA) ✔Correct Answer-A small needle is placed in the tumor
Core Needle Biopsy (Core) ✔Correct Answer-Large needle used to collect tissue. We get a
better look at the architecture of the tissue
Incisional Biopsy ✔Correct Answer-A surgeon cuts out a piece of the tumor
Excisional Biopsy ✔Correct Answer-A surgeon removes the entire tumor, or node. For small
tumors only
Pathologist ✔Correct Answer-A physician who specializes in diagnosing disease by looking
under the microscope, and/or by analyzing samples of bodily fluids. They also study cadavers.
They will write a report about the cancer that goes into the patient's medical chart
-ectomy ✔Correct Answer-As a word ending, means removal of something
Lumpectomy ✔Correct Answer-Removal of the lump/part of the breast tissue
Mastectomy ✔Correct Answer-Removal of the entire breast
, Sentinel Lymph Node Procedure ✔Correct Answer-The idea that cells from the tumor can
slough off and travel to lymph nodes by small lymphatic channels (tubes). The channels will
drain to one or two nodes first, then to other nodes. The first nodes are called SENTINEL
NODES. If the first sentinel nodes are negative, it is unlikely that other nodes will be positive
Grade ✔Correct Answer-Based on characteristics of the cancer cells. A measure of how
aggressive a cancer looks, helps us predict how aggressive a cancer may behave
Staging ✔Correct Answer-Used to estimate prognosis, aid in research, and helps direct
treatment so it is appropriate to the patient's disease. Uses imaging, blood tests, biopsy results,
and sometimes the symptoms a patient is having. Different for each tumor location. Describes if
and how a cancer has spread in a patient's body
AJCC ✔Correct Answer-American Joint Commission on Cancer manual is used to stage tumors
T ✔Correct Answer-Tumor - how big, how invasive
N ✔Correct Answer-Nodes - are nodes involved, how many, where are there?
M ✔Correct Answer-Metastasis - has cancer gotten into the blood stream and spread to
distant organs?
CT Scan ✔Correct Answer-3D or 4D x-ray. 3D gives us a better look at anatomy, 4D lets us
watch the tumor move, great for lung cancer planning
MRI ✔Correct Answer-No radiation; magnetic field used to look at concentrations of water in
tissues. Helpful for the brain or spinal cord, where we can't see much on CT scan
Imaging ✔Correct Answer-Chest x-ray, all x-rays have radiation, the dose is low, so it is
generally safe
Nuclear Medicine ✔Correct Answer-Weakly radioactive material injected into a patient
Bone Scan ✔Correct Answer-The radioactive material goes to areas of bone formation, good
for metastatic disease that stimulates bone growth
PET Scan ✔Correct Answer-The radioactive marker is attached to sugar. It is taken up by cells
that are working hard, or dividing a lot. We can see the brain, and hear, they work hard. Can
also see infection, the immune system may be working and dividing if there is infection. We can
also see tumor
CTV ✔Correct Answer-Clinical target volume - what we can see + microscopic
