Exam Questions and Answers |
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Hemophilia Pedigree - Father has hemophilia, mother does not. What is
the outcome for their kids? - ANSWER ✔✔His daughters would be
carriers. This is x-link recessive.
Autosomal:
Dominant: - ANSWER ✔✔Autosomal: males and females equally
affected.
Dominant: non-carrier parents
,polymerase chain reaction (PCR) - ANSWER ✔✔The process of
copying DNA in the lab. Uses Template DNA, Nucleotides (dNTPS), DNA
Polymerase, and DNA primers.
3 Steps of PCR - ANSWER ✔✔1. Denaturation: DNA is heated to
95C to separate it.
2. Annealing: reaction is cooled to 50C; primers stick to the DNA you
want to copy and add DNA polymerase.
3. Elongation: reaction heated to 70C and DNA polymerase, adding
nucleotides building a new DNA strand.
Base Excision Repair (BER) - ANSWER ✔✔How you repair a
mutation. BER is used to repair damage to a base caused by harmful
molecules. You remove the base that is damaged and replace it. *BER
removes a single nucleotide*
DNA glycolsylase - sees damaged DNA and removes it.
DNA polymerase-puts the right one back in while DNA ligase seals it.
Mismatch repair (MMR) occurs during: - ANSWER ✔✔replication.
DNA polymerase proofreads but sometimes a mismatch pair gets
through. MMR removes a large section of the nucleotides from the new
DNA and DNA polymerase tries again. (Ex: C-T instead of C-A)
, Mismatch Repair corrects what kind of DNA damage? - ANSWER
✔✔When a base is mismatched due to errors in replication. Such as G-T
instead of G-C. DNA polymerase comes by and fixes it.
What happens when DNA polymerase binds to DNA to make RNA? -
ANSWER ✔✔TRANSCRIPTION! DNA polymerase takes the
individual nucleotides and matches them to the parental sequences to
ensure a correct pair. It must bind with RNA primer to work.
What is needed for DNA replication? - ANSWER ✔✔DNA polymerase
Nonsense Mutation - ANSWER ✔✔Change in 1 nucleotide produces
a STOP codon Stop= nonsense because it is no more.
Silent Mutation - ANSWER ✔✔Change in 1 nucleotide but codes for
the same amino acid. Silent= the change doesn't change the name of
the protein
Missense Mutation - ANSWER ✔✔Change in 1 nucleotide leads to a
code for a different amino acid. Missense = mistake was made.
What happends during RNA splicing? - ANSWER ✔✔During RNA
splicing introns are cut out, the remaining exons are joined together.
5'ATG AGT CTC TCT 3'
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