MGMT 2500 WMU Final Exam
Questions and Answers
Job satisfaction - ANSWER-A positive felling about one's job resulting from an
evaluation of its characteristics.
Perceived organizational support - ANSWER-The degree to which employees
believe an organization values their contribution and cares about their well-being.
Emotional intelligence - ANSWER-The ability to detect and to manage emotional
cues and information.
Surface acting - ANSWER-Hiding one's inner feelings and forgoing emotional
expressions in response to display rules.
Surface-Level Diversity - ANSWER-Differences in easily perceived characteristics,
such as gender, race, ethnicity, age or disability, that do not necessarily reflect the
ways people think or feel but that may activate certain stereotypes.
Deep-Level Diversity - ANSWER-Differences in values, personality, and work
preferences that become similarity as people get to know one another better.
Discrimination defined - ANSWER-Noting of a difference between things; often we
refer to unfair discrimination, which means making judgments about individuals
based on stereotypes regarding their demographic group.
Social loafing - ANSWER-The tendency for individuals to expend less effort when
working collectively than when working individually.
Self-serving bias - ANSWER-The tendency for individuals to attribute their own
successes to internal factors and put the blame for failures on external factors.
Satisficing - ANSWER-Seeking solutions that are satisfactory. Reducing complex
problems to a level that can be understandable.
Sanctioned v. non-sanctioned leadership - ANSWER-Sanctioned: Authoritative
permission or approval that makes a course of action valid
Non-sanctioned: the ability to influence that arises outside the formal structure of the
organization
Trait theories of leadership - ANSWER-Personal qualities and characteristics that
differentiate leaders from non-leaders.
, Maslow's hierarchy of needs - ANSWER-Abraham Maslow's hierarchy of five needs
in which, as each need is substantially satisfied, the next need becomes dominant.
•Physiological- Hunger, thirst, shelter, sex etc body needs.
•Safety- Security and protection from physical/emotional harm.
•Social- Affection, belongingness, acceptance and friendship.
•Esteem- (Internal) Self-respect, autonomy, achievement.
(External) status, recognition and attention.
•Self-actualization- Personal drive: growth, achieve potential, self fufil.
Organizational justice and its components - ANSWER-An overall perception of what
is fair in the workplace, composed of:
•Distributive= Fairness of outcome. Ex.) Got deserved pay raise
•Procedural= Perceived fairness of process. Ex.) had input into process and given
clear explanation of why I received the raise I did.
•Interactional= perceived degree to which one is treated with dignity and respect.
Ex.) When telling about my raise, my boss was nice and complimentary.
Personality - ANSWER-The sum total of ways in which an individual reacts to and
interacts with others.
Zimbardo's prison experiment - ANSWER-Created a "prison" in the basement of a
Stanford building. Hired people and assigned them to either prisoner or guard. Took
a little while before the prisoners started to listen to the guards but they eventually
did and started to play their roles. Ended after only 6 days because of the
participants' pathological reactions.
Attribution theory and its components - ANSWER-An attempt to determine whether
an individual's behavior is internally or externally
Internal- Behaviors the observer believes to be under the personal behavioral control
of another individual. Ex. (Employee is late, so you think he was out drinking)
External- What we imagine the situation forced the individual to do. Ex. (thinking he
is late because of a car accident that tied traffic up.)
•Distinctiveness- Displays different behaviors in different situations.
•Consensus- Everybody has the same thing happen to them, same situation(traffic)
•Consistency- Coming in 10min early for work every day.
McClelland's needs theory - ANSWER-•Achievement- to excel
Questions and Answers
Job satisfaction - ANSWER-A positive felling about one's job resulting from an
evaluation of its characteristics.
Perceived organizational support - ANSWER-The degree to which employees
believe an organization values their contribution and cares about their well-being.
Emotional intelligence - ANSWER-The ability to detect and to manage emotional
cues and information.
Surface acting - ANSWER-Hiding one's inner feelings and forgoing emotional
expressions in response to display rules.
Surface-Level Diversity - ANSWER-Differences in easily perceived characteristics,
such as gender, race, ethnicity, age or disability, that do not necessarily reflect the
ways people think or feel but that may activate certain stereotypes.
Deep-Level Diversity - ANSWER-Differences in values, personality, and work
preferences that become similarity as people get to know one another better.
Discrimination defined - ANSWER-Noting of a difference between things; often we
refer to unfair discrimination, which means making judgments about individuals
based on stereotypes regarding their demographic group.
Social loafing - ANSWER-The tendency for individuals to expend less effort when
working collectively than when working individually.
Self-serving bias - ANSWER-The tendency for individuals to attribute their own
successes to internal factors and put the blame for failures on external factors.
Satisficing - ANSWER-Seeking solutions that are satisfactory. Reducing complex
problems to a level that can be understandable.
Sanctioned v. non-sanctioned leadership - ANSWER-Sanctioned: Authoritative
permission or approval that makes a course of action valid
Non-sanctioned: the ability to influence that arises outside the formal structure of the
organization
Trait theories of leadership - ANSWER-Personal qualities and characteristics that
differentiate leaders from non-leaders.
, Maslow's hierarchy of needs - ANSWER-Abraham Maslow's hierarchy of five needs
in which, as each need is substantially satisfied, the next need becomes dominant.
•Physiological- Hunger, thirst, shelter, sex etc body needs.
•Safety- Security and protection from physical/emotional harm.
•Social- Affection, belongingness, acceptance and friendship.
•Esteem- (Internal) Self-respect, autonomy, achievement.
(External) status, recognition and attention.
•Self-actualization- Personal drive: growth, achieve potential, self fufil.
Organizational justice and its components - ANSWER-An overall perception of what
is fair in the workplace, composed of:
•Distributive= Fairness of outcome. Ex.) Got deserved pay raise
•Procedural= Perceived fairness of process. Ex.) had input into process and given
clear explanation of why I received the raise I did.
•Interactional= perceived degree to which one is treated with dignity and respect.
Ex.) When telling about my raise, my boss was nice and complimentary.
Personality - ANSWER-The sum total of ways in which an individual reacts to and
interacts with others.
Zimbardo's prison experiment - ANSWER-Created a "prison" in the basement of a
Stanford building. Hired people and assigned them to either prisoner or guard. Took
a little while before the prisoners started to listen to the guards but they eventually
did and started to play their roles. Ended after only 6 days because of the
participants' pathological reactions.
Attribution theory and its components - ANSWER-An attempt to determine whether
an individual's behavior is internally or externally
Internal- Behaviors the observer believes to be under the personal behavioral control
of another individual. Ex. (Employee is late, so you think he was out drinking)
External- What we imagine the situation forced the individual to do. Ex. (thinking he
is late because of a car accident that tied traffic up.)
•Distinctiveness- Displays different behaviors in different situations.
•Consensus- Everybody has the same thing happen to them, same situation(traffic)
•Consistency- Coming in 10min early for work every day.
McClelland's needs theory - ANSWER-•Achievement- to excel
