CNUR 203 REVIEW | COMPLETE NURSING STUDY GUIDE, PRACTICE QUESTIONS,
NCLEX REVIEW & EXAM PREP 2026/2027
What determines oxygen status? - correct answer ✔✔Pa02
partial pressure of oxygen dissolved in arterial blood
Unbound oxygen
Normal level?
Sp02
percentage of oxygen bound to hemoglobin
Normal level?
Hemoglobin
major component of RBCs. Major carrier of oxygen in the blood
Normal Level?
Diminsished in paralysis, pleural effusions, collpased lung, pleural effusions, hyperinflation,
bronchia occulsion, hypoventilation, obesity
COPD signs and symptoms - correct answer ✔✔Lung Damage
L- Lack of energy
U- Unable to tolerate activity (SOB)
N- Nutrition poor
G- Gases (blood gases are abnormal- learn more in 204)
D- Dry or productive cough; constant cough
A- Accessory muscle usage during breathing; Abnormal lung sounds
M- Modification of skin color
A- Anteroposterior diameter increases (Barrel Chest)
G- Gets in the tripod position with dyspnea
,E- Extreme dyspnea
Sleep Apnea - correct answer ✔✔Tongue and the soft palate fall backward (upper airway)
Partial or complete obstruction of the pharynx
Obstructs from 10 - 90 secs
Causes severe hypoxemia (decreased PaO2) and hypercapnia (increased PaCO2).
STOP BANG- snore, tired, obstruction, pressure, BMI, age, neck, gender
sleep deprivation, ↑ risk for cardiovascular event
MI
Dysrhythmias
CVA
HTN
↑ injury risk
MVA
Workplace
Priority concerns with COPD - correct answer ✔✔Ineffective airway clearance/breathing pattern
Impaired gas exchange
Risk for infection
Activity intolerance
Imbalanced nutrition
Self care deficit
Inability to cope
Powerlessness/Anxiety
Exacerbation
,Assessment and Collab Management Sleep Apnea - correct answer ✔✔Assessment
Sleep Lab
Treatment
Mild: Lifestyle
Weight Loss
↑ HOB
↓ Alcohol & CNS depressants
Consistent sleeping habits
Oral appliance Mandibular Advancement Device
Forces lower jaw forward
CPAP Continuous Positive Airway Pressure
Splints airway open
Compliance is often poor- needs to be worn every night
A patient is admitted to hospital with acute exacerbation of COPD related to influenza. ABGs
and CXR are ordered and Sa02 is 86%. BP 168/102, P 104, RR 28
What is your priority intervention?
a. Administer antihypertensive
b. Apply oxygen via nasal prongs at 2L/min
c. Apply non-rebreather mask
d. Administer bronchodilator - correct answer ✔✔
COPD - correct answer ✔✔Progressive Respiratory Disorder
, Progressive airflow obstruction
Ongoing dyspnea, ⬇ activity tolerance, increased mucous & coughing
Past Definitions of COPD include:
Chronic Bronchitis
Emphysema
Prevalence
Estimated 64 million worldwide (WHO)
1.5 million probable COPD in Canada; with over 1.5 million likely undiagnosed
Most become symptomatic in mid adulthood (~ 40 y.o)
In Canada- 80-90% caused by smoking
Common Clinical Manifestations
-Congested cough
-Dyspnea
-Activity intolerance
-Low oxygen
-Increased RR
-Wheezing
-Increased CO2 levels
-Acidosis
Risk Factors
-**Smoking!
-Age - usually >40ye
-Occupation
-Previous respiratory disease
NCLEX REVIEW & EXAM PREP 2026/2027
What determines oxygen status? - correct answer ✔✔Pa02
partial pressure of oxygen dissolved in arterial blood
Unbound oxygen
Normal level?
Sp02
percentage of oxygen bound to hemoglobin
Normal level?
Hemoglobin
major component of RBCs. Major carrier of oxygen in the blood
Normal Level?
Diminsished in paralysis, pleural effusions, collpased lung, pleural effusions, hyperinflation,
bronchia occulsion, hypoventilation, obesity
COPD signs and symptoms - correct answer ✔✔Lung Damage
L- Lack of energy
U- Unable to tolerate activity (SOB)
N- Nutrition poor
G- Gases (blood gases are abnormal- learn more in 204)
D- Dry or productive cough; constant cough
A- Accessory muscle usage during breathing; Abnormal lung sounds
M- Modification of skin color
A- Anteroposterior diameter increases (Barrel Chest)
G- Gets in the tripod position with dyspnea
,E- Extreme dyspnea
Sleep Apnea - correct answer ✔✔Tongue and the soft palate fall backward (upper airway)
Partial or complete obstruction of the pharynx
Obstructs from 10 - 90 secs
Causes severe hypoxemia (decreased PaO2) and hypercapnia (increased PaCO2).
STOP BANG- snore, tired, obstruction, pressure, BMI, age, neck, gender
sleep deprivation, ↑ risk for cardiovascular event
MI
Dysrhythmias
CVA
HTN
↑ injury risk
MVA
Workplace
Priority concerns with COPD - correct answer ✔✔Ineffective airway clearance/breathing pattern
Impaired gas exchange
Risk for infection
Activity intolerance
Imbalanced nutrition
Self care deficit
Inability to cope
Powerlessness/Anxiety
Exacerbation
,Assessment and Collab Management Sleep Apnea - correct answer ✔✔Assessment
Sleep Lab
Treatment
Mild: Lifestyle
Weight Loss
↑ HOB
↓ Alcohol & CNS depressants
Consistent sleeping habits
Oral appliance Mandibular Advancement Device
Forces lower jaw forward
CPAP Continuous Positive Airway Pressure
Splints airway open
Compliance is often poor- needs to be worn every night
A patient is admitted to hospital with acute exacerbation of COPD related to influenza. ABGs
and CXR are ordered and Sa02 is 86%. BP 168/102, P 104, RR 28
What is your priority intervention?
a. Administer antihypertensive
b. Apply oxygen via nasal prongs at 2L/min
c. Apply non-rebreather mask
d. Administer bronchodilator - correct answer ✔✔
COPD - correct answer ✔✔Progressive Respiratory Disorder
, Progressive airflow obstruction
Ongoing dyspnea, ⬇ activity tolerance, increased mucous & coughing
Past Definitions of COPD include:
Chronic Bronchitis
Emphysema
Prevalence
Estimated 64 million worldwide (WHO)
1.5 million probable COPD in Canada; with over 1.5 million likely undiagnosed
Most become symptomatic in mid adulthood (~ 40 y.o)
In Canada- 80-90% caused by smoking
Common Clinical Manifestations
-Congested cough
-Dyspnea
-Activity intolerance
-Low oxygen
-Increased RR
-Wheezing
-Increased CO2 levels
-Acidosis
Risk Factors
-**Smoking!
-Age - usually >40ye
-Occupation
-Previous respiratory disease
