Organic Chemistry ACS Exam (2026/2027) | Newest Questions | 100% Correct Answers | A+ Verified

Organic Chemistry ACS Exam (2026/2027)
| Newest Questions | 100% Correct Answers
| A+ Verified
• Is a structure with more or less covalent bonds more stable? -✓✓More
covalent bonds is more stable


• What is the downside to separation of charges? -✓✓Separation of
charges cost energy and results in a less stable resonance contributor


• What does the nitrate ion look like lewis structure? -✓✓


• The bonding pi orbital is lower in energy than antibonding orbital
(T/F)? -✓✓True


• The sigma orbital is lower in energy than the pi orbital (T/F)? -
✓✓True


• How do you prepare epoxides? -✓✓Reagent is peracid (COOOH) ;
alkene to an epoxide; maintain stereochemistry


• What are the reagents of hydroboration of alkenes? -✓✓BH3, Et2O


• What is anti-markovnikov? -✓✓When the H adds to the carbon with
the fewest attached hydrogens

,• What is syn -✓✓H and B add to the same face of the alkene.


• What is markovnikov? -✓✓Halide component of HX bonds adds to
the more highly substitued carbon, whereas the hydrogen prefers the
carbon which already contains more hydrogens.


• What is aromatic sulfonation? -✓✓reagent is h2so4, heat or so3
(fuming h2so4)


• What is an activating group? -✓✓Ortho or para directing


• What is a deactivating group? -✓✓meta directing


• What are examples of activating EDG? -✓✓O, NR2, NH3, OH, OR,
NHCOR, OCOR, R, BENZENE, C=CR2,


• What are deactivating EWG? -✓✓-X, COH, COR, COOR, COOH,
COCL, CF3, CN, HSO3-, NH3+ NR3+, NO2+


• EDG ______ the rate of reaction -✓✓increase


• EWG ________ the rate of reaction -✓✓decrease

,• What are resonance effects? -✓✓Those that occur through the pi
system and can be represented by resonance structures


• What are inductive effects? -✓✓Those that occur through the sigma
system due to electronegativeity type effects.


• What does EDG do? -✓✓Atoms adjacent to the pi system activate the
aromatic ring by increasing the electron density on the ring through a
resonance donating effect. (ortho-para directing)


• What does an EWG do? -✓✓EWGs with pi bonds to electronegative
atoms adjacent to the pi system deactivate the aromatic ring by
decreasing the electron density on the ring through a resonance
withdrawing effect. (meta directing)


• Halogens are deacitvaitng but have both -✓✓inductive electron
withdrawing and resonance donating (electronegativity and lone pair
donation)


• What is the aldol condensation reaction? -✓✓reaction in which an
enol or an enolate ion reacts with a carbonyl compound to form a beta
hydroxyaldehyde or b-hydroxyketone, followed by dehydration to give a
conjugated enone.


• How does one transform a fischer projection into a cyclic ring in chair
conformation? -✓✓Freely rotate the bonds (change the position of the

, OH and CH2OH in the fischer projection, then the oyxgen-H bond will
nucleophilically attack the carbon, kick the double bond of the oxygen to
the oxygen to form an oxygen anion and then get protonated by a
hydrogen from the alcohol gorup used to nucleophilically attack the
carbon. (mechanism is in notebook)


• What reaction uses BuLi? -✓✓Correy Fuches


• What is the starting and end product of the Ph3P, Br- ? -✓✓ketone;
alkene


• What is LiAlh4? -✓✓A reducing agent; carboxylic acid and ester can
be reduced by this in addtiiton to aldehydes or ketones


• What happens in a free-radical additon of H-Br to alkenes? (HBr RO-
OR) -✓✓antiadditon or syn addition of H and Br. Antimarkovnikov.


• Enolate (ester) --> ketone -✓✓NaOEt --> PhCh2Br --> H3O+, heat
(Remove CO2)


• What is saponification? -✓✓is the alkaline hydrolysis of the fatty acid
esters. Example: The chemical reaction between any fat and sodium
hydroxide is a saponification reaction. triglyceride + sodium hydroxide
(or potassium hydroxide) → glycerol + 3 soap molecules
Carbonyl attack