NURS 6512 Week 6 Midterm Exam -
Advanced Health Assessment - Walden
University | Latest Updated Exam 2026/27
with Verified (Q&A) | Graded A+
Question 1
A 3-day old infant is noted to have a mildly elevated unconjugated bilirubin level and
icterus. Your concern is that this child may have:
A. Physiologic jaundice
B. Kernicterus
C. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency
D. Pathologic jaundice
Answer: A
Rationale: Physiologic jaundice is common in newborns, typically appearing on day 2-
3. Unconjugated bilirubin levels are mildly elevated and resolve without intervention.
Pathologic jaundice appears within the first 24 hours or persists beyond 2 weeks.
Question 2
Which cell component is capable of cellular autodigestion when it is released during cell
injury?
A. Lysosomes
B. Ribosomes
C. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
D. Golgi complex
Answer: A
Rationale: Lysosomes contain hydrolytic enzymes that, when released, can digest
cellular components, leading to autodigestion and cell death.
Question 3
Which component of the cell produces hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) by using oxygen to
remove hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative reaction?
A. Lysosomes
pg. 1
,B. Peroxisomes
C. Ribosomes
D. Oxyhydrosomes
Answer: B
Rationale: Peroxisomes contain enzymes that use oxygen to remove hydrogen atoms
from substrates, producing hydrogen peroxide as a byproduct.
Question 4
The difference between eukaryotes and prokaryotes is that eukaryotes:
A. All of these answers are correct
B. Are smaller in size
C. Contain organelles
D. Have no nuclear membrane
Answer: C
Rationale: Eukaryotes contain membrane-bound organelles and a distinct nucleus.
Prokaryotes lack organelles and have no nuclear membrane.
Question 5
What is a consequence of plasma membrane damage to the mitochondria?
A. Enzymatic digestion halts deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) synthesis
B. Influx of calcium ions halts adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production
C. Edema from an influx in sodium causes a reduction in ATP production
D. Potassium shifts out of the mitochondria, which destroys the infrastructure
Answer: B
Rationale: Calcium influx into mitochondria disrupts ATP production, leading to
cellular energy failure and cell death.
Question 6
Which of the following is a function of Golgi?
A. Packages protein for secretion to the outside of the cell
B. Produces ATP for cell function
C. Contains hydrolytic enzymes
D. Is the site of protein synthesis in a cell
Answer: A
pg. 2
,Rationale: The Golgi apparatus modifies, sorts, and packages proteins for secretion or
delivery to other organelles.
Question 7
Which statement is a description of one of the characteristics of apoptosis?
A. Apoptosis involves programmed cell death of scattered single cells
B. Apoptosis is characterized by the swelling of the nucleus and the cytoplasm
C. Apoptosis involves unpredictable patterns of cell death
D. Apoptosis results in benign malignancies
Answer: A
Rationale: Apoptosis is programmed cell death affecting scattered single cells without
inflammation. Necrosis involves cell swelling and affects groups of cells.
Question 8
During cell injury caused by hypoxia, sodium and water move into the cell because:
A. During cell injury caused by hypoxia, sodium and water move into the cell because
B. The pump that transports sodium out of the cell cannot function because of a
decrease in adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels
C. The osmotic pressure is increased, which pulls additional sodium across the cell
membrane
D. Oxygen is not available to bind with sodium to maintain it outside of the cell
Answer: B
Rationale: ATP depletion causes the Na+/K+ pump to fail, allowing sodium and water
to enter the cell, leading to cellular swelling.
Question 9
Which of the following is a function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?
A. Contains hydrolytic enzymes
B. Is the site of protein synthesis in a cell
C. Packages protein for secretion to the outside of the cell
D. Produces ATP for cell function
Answer: B
Rationale: The rough endoplasmic reticulum is studded with ribosomes and is the
primary site of protein synthesis in the cell.
pg. 3
, Question 10
Obesity creates a greater risk for dehydration in people because:
A. Adipose cells contain little water because fat is water repelling
B. The metabolic rates of obese adults are slower than those of lean adults
C. The rates of urine output of obese adults are higher than those of lean adults
D. The thirst receptors of the hypothalamus do not function effectively
Answer: A
Rationale: Adipose tissue has lower water content than lean tissue, so obese
individuals have proportionally less total body water, increasing dehydration risk.
Question 11
What genetic process is likely responsible for the occurrence of asthma in only one of a
pair of identical twins?
A. Genomic imprinting
B. Epigenetic modifications
C. Methylation
D. Transgenerational inheritance
Answer: B
Rationale: Epigenetic modifications can cause differential gene expression in identical
twins despite identical DNA sequences, leading to discordant phenotypes.
Question 12
Transcription is best defined as a process by which:
A. A base pair substitution results in a mutation of the amino acid sequence
B. DNA polymerase binds to the promoter site on RNA
C. RNA directs the synthesis of ribosomes for protein synthesis
D. RNA is synthesized from a DNA template
Answer: D
Rationale: Transcription is the process of synthesizing RNA from a DNA template.
Question 13
What is the most common cause of Down syndrome?
A. Paternal translocation
pg. 4
Advanced Health Assessment - Walden
University | Latest Updated Exam 2026/27
with Verified (Q&A) | Graded A+
Question 1
A 3-day old infant is noted to have a mildly elevated unconjugated bilirubin level and
icterus. Your concern is that this child may have:
A. Physiologic jaundice
B. Kernicterus
C. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency
D. Pathologic jaundice
Answer: A
Rationale: Physiologic jaundice is common in newborns, typically appearing on day 2-
3. Unconjugated bilirubin levels are mildly elevated and resolve without intervention.
Pathologic jaundice appears within the first 24 hours or persists beyond 2 weeks.
Question 2
Which cell component is capable of cellular autodigestion when it is released during cell
injury?
A. Lysosomes
B. Ribosomes
C. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
D. Golgi complex
Answer: A
Rationale: Lysosomes contain hydrolytic enzymes that, when released, can digest
cellular components, leading to autodigestion and cell death.
Question 3
Which component of the cell produces hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) by using oxygen to
remove hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative reaction?
A. Lysosomes
pg. 1
,B. Peroxisomes
C. Ribosomes
D. Oxyhydrosomes
Answer: B
Rationale: Peroxisomes contain enzymes that use oxygen to remove hydrogen atoms
from substrates, producing hydrogen peroxide as a byproduct.
Question 4
The difference between eukaryotes and prokaryotes is that eukaryotes:
A. All of these answers are correct
B. Are smaller in size
C. Contain organelles
D. Have no nuclear membrane
Answer: C
Rationale: Eukaryotes contain membrane-bound organelles and a distinct nucleus.
Prokaryotes lack organelles and have no nuclear membrane.
Question 5
What is a consequence of plasma membrane damage to the mitochondria?
A. Enzymatic digestion halts deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) synthesis
B. Influx of calcium ions halts adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production
C. Edema from an influx in sodium causes a reduction in ATP production
D. Potassium shifts out of the mitochondria, which destroys the infrastructure
Answer: B
Rationale: Calcium influx into mitochondria disrupts ATP production, leading to
cellular energy failure and cell death.
Question 6
Which of the following is a function of Golgi?
A. Packages protein for secretion to the outside of the cell
B. Produces ATP for cell function
C. Contains hydrolytic enzymes
D. Is the site of protein synthesis in a cell
Answer: A
pg. 2
,Rationale: The Golgi apparatus modifies, sorts, and packages proteins for secretion or
delivery to other organelles.
Question 7
Which statement is a description of one of the characteristics of apoptosis?
A. Apoptosis involves programmed cell death of scattered single cells
B. Apoptosis is characterized by the swelling of the nucleus and the cytoplasm
C. Apoptosis involves unpredictable patterns of cell death
D. Apoptosis results in benign malignancies
Answer: A
Rationale: Apoptosis is programmed cell death affecting scattered single cells without
inflammation. Necrosis involves cell swelling and affects groups of cells.
Question 8
During cell injury caused by hypoxia, sodium and water move into the cell because:
A. During cell injury caused by hypoxia, sodium and water move into the cell because
B. The pump that transports sodium out of the cell cannot function because of a
decrease in adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels
C. The osmotic pressure is increased, which pulls additional sodium across the cell
membrane
D. Oxygen is not available to bind with sodium to maintain it outside of the cell
Answer: B
Rationale: ATP depletion causes the Na+/K+ pump to fail, allowing sodium and water
to enter the cell, leading to cellular swelling.
Question 9
Which of the following is a function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?
A. Contains hydrolytic enzymes
B. Is the site of protein synthesis in a cell
C. Packages protein for secretion to the outside of the cell
D. Produces ATP for cell function
Answer: B
Rationale: The rough endoplasmic reticulum is studded with ribosomes and is the
primary site of protein synthesis in the cell.
pg. 3
, Question 10
Obesity creates a greater risk for dehydration in people because:
A. Adipose cells contain little water because fat is water repelling
B. The metabolic rates of obese adults are slower than those of lean adults
C. The rates of urine output of obese adults are higher than those of lean adults
D. The thirst receptors of the hypothalamus do not function effectively
Answer: A
Rationale: Adipose tissue has lower water content than lean tissue, so obese
individuals have proportionally less total body water, increasing dehydration risk.
Question 11
What genetic process is likely responsible for the occurrence of asthma in only one of a
pair of identical twins?
A. Genomic imprinting
B. Epigenetic modifications
C. Methylation
D. Transgenerational inheritance
Answer: B
Rationale: Epigenetic modifications can cause differential gene expression in identical
twins despite identical DNA sequences, leading to discordant phenotypes.
Question 12
Transcription is best defined as a process by which:
A. A base pair substitution results in a mutation of the amino acid sequence
B. DNA polymerase binds to the promoter site on RNA
C. RNA directs the synthesis of ribosomes for protein synthesis
D. RNA is synthesized from a DNA template
Answer: D
Rationale: Transcription is the process of synthesizing RNA from a DNA template.
Question 13
What is the most common cause of Down syndrome?
A. Paternal translocation
pg. 4
