BIOS 251 EXAM 3 2026 FULL MOCK TEST
WITH SOLUTIONS AND CORE CONCEPT
EXPLANATIONS
◉ What does tonicity refer to?
Answer: How a solution influences the shape of cells.
◉ What happens in an isotonic solution?
Answer: There is no movement of water; the cell maintains its shape.
◉ What is a hypertonic solution?
Answer: A solution with more solutes than the cell, causing water to
move out and the cell to shrink.
◉ What is a hypotonic solution?
Answer: A solution with fewer solutes than the cell, causing water to
move in and the cell to swell.
◉ What are active processes in membrane transport?
Answer: Processes that require energy and typically move
substances against their concentration gradient.
, ◉ What is endocytosis?
Answer: Process where vesicles outside the cell fuse with the plasma
membrane to allow contents into the cell.
◉ What is exocytosis?
Answer: Process where vesicles inside the cell fuse with the plasma
membrane to discharge contents out of the cell.
◉ What is a base triplet?
Answer: A sequence of three nucleotide bases in DNA or RNA that
provides genetic information.
◉ What is a codon?
Answer: A three-base sequence in mRNA that codes for a specific
amino acid or signals protein synthesis termination.
◉ What is an anticodon?
Answer: A complementary three-base sequence in tRNA that
matches a specific codon in mRNA.
◉ What is a start codon?
Answer: AUG, which signals the beginning of protein synthesis and
codes for methionine.
WITH SOLUTIONS AND CORE CONCEPT
EXPLANATIONS
◉ What does tonicity refer to?
Answer: How a solution influences the shape of cells.
◉ What happens in an isotonic solution?
Answer: There is no movement of water; the cell maintains its shape.
◉ What is a hypertonic solution?
Answer: A solution with more solutes than the cell, causing water to
move out and the cell to shrink.
◉ What is a hypotonic solution?
Answer: A solution with fewer solutes than the cell, causing water to
move in and the cell to swell.
◉ What are active processes in membrane transport?
Answer: Processes that require energy and typically move
substances against their concentration gradient.
, ◉ What is endocytosis?
Answer: Process where vesicles outside the cell fuse with the plasma
membrane to allow contents into the cell.
◉ What is exocytosis?
Answer: Process where vesicles inside the cell fuse with the plasma
membrane to discharge contents out of the cell.
◉ What is a base triplet?
Answer: A sequence of three nucleotide bases in DNA or RNA that
provides genetic information.
◉ What is a codon?
Answer: A three-base sequence in mRNA that codes for a specific
amino acid or signals protein synthesis termination.
◉ What is an anticodon?
Answer: A complementary three-base sequence in tRNA that
matches a specific codon in mRNA.
◉ What is a start codon?
Answer: AUG, which signals the beginning of protein synthesis and
codes for methionine.
